CVE-2023-51444
Geoserver ≤ 2.23.4
Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HCVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.
Summary
CVE-2023-51444 is a high-severity Improper Input Validation (CWE-20) vulnerability in Geoserver Geoserver. Its CVSS base score is 7.2 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Data Obfuscation (T1001); ranked in the top 21% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
GeoServer is an open source Java-based server for sharing and editing geospatial data. CVE-2023-51444 is an arbitrary file upload vulnerability affecting versions prior to 2.23.4 and 2.24.1. It resides in the REST Coverage Store API and stems from insufficient path traversal validation when coverage stores are configured with absolute paths; the Resource implementation used in that case accepts attacker-supplied file contents and locations, unlike the relative-path implementation that performs validation. The issue is tracked under CWE-20 and CWE-434 and carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 7.2.
An authenticated administrator who already possesses permissions to modify coverage stores can exploit the flaw to write arbitrary files to arbitrary locations on the server filesystem. Successful exploitation can result in remote code execution; the same vector also allows an administrator with limited privileges to overwrite GeoServer security configuration files and thereby escalate to full administrative control.
The official GeoServer security advisory GHSA-9v5q-2gwq-q9hq and the linked commits (ca683170 and fe235b3) state that the vulnerability is resolved in releases 2.23.4 and 2.24.1. The corresponding pull request and Jira ticket GEOS-11176 document the code changes that restore path validation for absolute-path coverage stores.
EPSS scores have remained low, with a current value of 0.0472 and a peak of 0.0516.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2024-0890
Vulnerability Data
GeoServer is an open source software server written in Java that allows users to share and edit geospatial data. An arbitrary file upload vulnerability exists in versions prior to 2.23.4 and 2.24.1 that enables an authenticated administrator with permissions to…
more
modify coverage stores through the REST Coverage Store API to upload arbitrary file contents to arbitrary file locations which can lead to remote code execution. Coverage stores that are configured using relative paths use a GeoServer Resource implementation that has validation to prevent path traversal but coverage stores that are configured using absolute paths use a different Resource implementation that does not prevent path traversal. This vulnerability can lead to executing arbitrary code. An administrator with limited privileges could also potentially exploit this to overwrite GeoServer security files and obtain full administrator privileges. Versions 2.23.4 and 2.24.1 contain a fix for this issue.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
—
—
—
V5.1.1
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Developer testing and evaluation can discover missing input validation through analysis or test cases.
SI-10 directly requires validity checks on information inputs, structurally preventing improper or missing validation.
Malicious-code protection at entry points blocks dangerous file types from being accepted and executed.
Least functionality restricts the file types and automatic processing capabilities the system will accept.
Requiring documented development standards and tools can embed input-validation practices into the engineering process.
Mobile-code controls define, authorize, and block unacceptable uploaded code before automatic processing occurs.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Hardened configuration baselines can enforce allowed file types and processing rules.
Restricting execution of unauthorized software directly blocks dangerous uploaded files from running.
Secure development practices include input validation and file-type restrictions that prevent this weakness.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Hardening callouts derived
DISA STIG baselines are authored against specific weaknesses. Where this CVE cites a broad weakness class, the mapping is not asserted at that abstraction (owner ruling, 2026-09-25: grade only at Base and below), so no rule is shown here rather than a rule shown against the wrong grain.
- No fine-grained STIG row for CWE-20, a class-level weakness, and none of its children carries one either.