Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-6448

Exposed Creds in Unitronics Vision1210 Firmware ≤ 12.38

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedExposed Creds
Published
05 December 2023
Modified
26 February 2026
KEV Added
11 December 2023
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.021 80th percentile
Risk Priority 97 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-6448 is a critical-severity Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default (CWE-1188) vulnerability in Unitronics Vision1210 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Default Accounts (T1078.001); ranked in the top 20% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

Unitronics VisiLogic versions prior to 9.9.00, which are used to program Vision and Samba PLCs and HMIs, contain a hardcoded default administrative password. The flaw is tracked as CVE-2023-6448 with a CVSS score of 9.8 and is associated with CWE-1188 and CWE-798. It allows unauthenticated network access to the devices without requiring any user interaction.

An attacker with network reachability can authenticate as an administrator and obtain full control over the PLC or HMI, enabling arbitrary configuration changes, logic modification, or operational disruption. No prior authentication or user interaction is needed, making the exposure remotely exploitable over the network.

Vendor guidance and the associated CISA alert recommend upgrading VisiLogic to version 9.9.00 or later, changing any default credentials, and restricting network exposure of the affected devices. Unitronics has also published updated version-change documentation and a dedicated cybersecurity advisory outlining these steps.

CISA has specifically highlighted active exploitation of Unitronics PLCs in water and wastewater systems, underscoring the risk to industrial control environments. The CVE maintains an EPSS score of 0.13 with a recorded peak of 0.15.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Unitronics VisiLogic before version 9.9.00, used in Vision and Samba PLCs and HMIs, uses a default administrative password. An unauthenticated attacker with network access can take administrative control of a vulnerable system.

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
11 December 2023

Related Threats

Threat-Actor AttributionAI

CyberAv3ngers
CISA attributes exploitation of Unitronics PLC default-password flaws (incl. CVE-2023-6448) in US water/wastewater systems to this Iranian IRGC-linked group.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1078.001 Default Accounts Stealth
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a default account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.
T1552 Unsecured Credentials Credential Access
Adversaries may search compromised systems to find and obtain insecurely stored credentials.
T1552.001 Credentials In Files Credential Access
Adversaries may search local file systems and remote file shares for files containing insecurely stored credentials.
T1078 Valid Accounts Stealth
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.
T1552.004 Private Keys Credential Access
Adversaries may search for private key certificate files on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials.
T1133 External Remote Services Persistence
Adversaries may leverage external-facing remote services to initially access and/or persist within a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-27774Same vendor: Unitronics
CVE-2025-48927Shared CWE-1188both on KEV
CVE-2023-27524Shared CWE-1188both on KEV
CVE-2022-24706Shared CWE-1188both on KEV
CVE-2019-6693Shared CWE-798both on KEV
CVE-2026-22769Shared CWE-798both on KEV
CVE-2022-26138Shared CWE-798both on KEV
CVE-2020-8657Shared CWE-798both on KEV
CVE-2024-3272Shared CWE-798both on KEV
CVE-2021-44207Shared CWE-798both on KEV

Affected Assets

unitronics
vision1210 firmware
≤ 12.38
unitronics
vision1040 firmware
≤ 12.38
unitronics
vision700 firmware
≤ 12.38
unitronics
vision570 firmware
≤ 12.38
unitronics
vision560 firmware
≤ 12.38
unitronics
vision430 firmware
≤ 12.38
unitronics
vision350 firmware
≤ 12.38
unitronics
vision130 firmware
≤ 12.38
unitronics
vision230 firmware
≤ 12.38
unitronics
vision280 firmware
≤ 12.38
+7 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 13 hardening rules · 7 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V14.3.2
  • V6.3.2
  • V11.3.1
  • V13.2.3

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-798 CWE-1188

Central credential stores and rotation policies remove the need for hard-coded credentials in configuration files or code.

addresses: CWE-798 CWE-1188

Strategy enforces supplier requirements and code reviews that reduce hard-coded credentials introduced through acquired products.

addresses: CWE-798 CWE-1188

Requiring security functional requirements and acceptance criteria allows contracts to prohibit hard-coded credentials in delivered systems or components.

addresses: CWE-798 CWE-1188

Known vulnerabilities section of admin docs covers hard-coded credentials and how to replace them, limiting their use in deployments.

addresses: CWE-798

Enables users to notice when hard-coded credentials have been exploited for unauthorized access.

addresses: CWE-798

Security training explicitly warns against hard-coded credentials, lowering their use in systems.

addresses: CWE-1188

Requires documented secure initialization practices and avoidance of insecure defaults in configuration baselines.

addresses: CWE-1188

Reviewing and updating baseline when components are installed or upgraded prevents initialization with insecure defaults.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-01 full match
prevents

Hardened baselines and configuration management directly replace insecure defaults with secure settings.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure development practices include designing products with secure defaults rather than insecure ones.

ID.RA-09 partial match
prevents

Pre-acquisition integrity checks can reject products known to ship with insecure defaults.

PR.AA-01 partial match
prevents

PR.AA-01's credential/key-management processes can reduce the incentive to embed secrets but do not address or detect hard-coded values in source code, so the weakness remains fully possible.

PR.AA-02 none match
prevents

PR.AA-02 addresses human identity proofing and per-person credential issuance at enrollment; it has no bearing on whether developers embed static credentials in software.

PR.DS-01 none match
prevents

PR.DS-01 addresses encryption and integrity of stored data but never touches credential or key management practices, so it neither prevents hard-coded credentials nor removes any of their risk.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Mandating secure baseline templates and immediate replacement of vendor defaults directly stops systems from being deployed with insecure factory settings that attackers can exploit.

prevents

Education on secure configuration practices discourages technical staff from embedding or relying on hard-coded credentials in systems and applications.

mitigates

Secure key-generation, distribution and storage procedures reduce the likelihood that hard-coded or default cryptographic keys will be introduced or left unprotected.

prevents

Explicit prohibition of hard-coded passwords and unauthenticated external services stops credentials from being embedded directly in source code.

prevents

Contractual requirements for secure coding practices and evidence of testing make it less likely that hard-coded credentials will be introduced or remain undetected in delivered code.

prevents

Requiring documented specification, testing, and acceptance of changes ensures that new or modified components are not initialized with insecure default settings that would otherwise be left in production.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (1 rule)
  • V-248823 OL 8 must not have the telnet-server package installed. prevents CWE-1188
RHEL 7 (1 rule)
  • V-204627 SNMP community strings on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must be changed from the default. prevents CWE-1188
Ubuntu 22.04 (1 rule)
  • V-260529 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS must be configured so that remote X connections are disabled, unless to fulfill documented and validated mission requirements. prevents CWE-1188
Ubuntu 24.04 (1 rule)
  • V-270708 Ubuntu 24.04 LTS must be configured so that remote X connections are disabled, unless to fulfill documented and validated mission requirements. prevents CWE-1188
Windows Server 2016 (1 rule)
  • V-224972 Active Directory Group Policy objects must have proper access control permissions. prevents CWE-1188
Windows Server 2019 (1 rule)
  • V-205741 Windows Server 2019 Active Directory Group Policy objects must have proper access control permissions. prevents CWE-1188

References