Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-7028

Auth Bypass in Gitlab 16.1.0 – 16.1.6

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedPublic PoCAuth Bypass
Published
12 January 2024
Modified
24 October 2025
KEV Added
01 May 2024
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 10.0
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
EPSS Score 0.95 99.8th percentile
Risk Priority 98 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-7028 is a critical-severity Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password (CWE-640) vulnerability in Gitlab Gitlab. Its CVSS base score is 10.0 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Valid Accounts (T1078); ranked in the top 0.2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to IA-12 (Identity Proofing) and IA-5 (Authenticator Management) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2023-7028 is a vulnerability in GitLab Community Edition and Enterprise Edition that affects all versions from 16.1 prior to 16.1.6, 16.2 prior to 16.2.9, 16.3 prior to 16.3.7, 16.4 prior to 16.4.5, 16.5 prior to 16.5.6, 16.6 prior to 16.6.4, and 16.7 prior to 16.7.2. The flaw allows user account password reset emails to be delivered to an unverified email address, corresponding to CWE-640 and carrying a CVSS 3.1 score of 10.0.

An unauthenticated attacker can exploit the issue over the network to trigger password resets that reach an attacker-controlled or unverified address, enabling full account takeover with impacts to confidentiality and integrity but not availability.

Advisories hosted at the referenced GitLab issue tracker and HackerOne report direct administrators to upgrade affected instances to the listed fixed releases. The associated EPSS score has reached a peak of 0.9650 with a current value of 0.9343.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 16.1 prior to 16.1.6, 16.2 prior to 16.2.9, 16.3 prior to 16.3.7, 16.4 prior to 16.4.5, 16.5 prior to 16.5.6, 16.6 prior to 16.6.4, and 16.7 prior to…

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16.7.2 in which user account password reset emails could be delivered to an unverified email address.

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
01 May 2024

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1078 Valid Accounts Stealth
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.
T1110 Brute Force Credential Access
Adversaries may use brute force techniques to gain access to accounts when passwords are unknown or when password hashes are obtained.
T1110.001 Password Guessing Credential Access
Adversaries with no prior knowledge of legitimate credentials within the system or environment may guess passwords to attempt access to accounts.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2021-39935Same product: Gitlab Gitlabboth on KEV
CVE-2021-22205Same product: Gitlab Gitlabboth on KEV
CVE-2021-22175Same product: Gitlab Gitlabboth on KEV
CVE-2023-6477Same product: Gitlab Gitlab
CVE-2023-1555Same product: Gitlab Gitlab
CVE-2023-2022Same product: Gitlab Gitlab
CVE-2023-2485Same product: Gitlab Gitlab
CVE-2024-12303Same product: Gitlab Gitlab
CVE-2025-1278Same product: Gitlab Gitlab
CVE-2024-12619Same product: Gitlab Gitlab

Affected Assets

gitlab
gitlab
16.1.0 — 16.1.6 · 16.1.0 — 16.1.6 · 16.2.0 — 16.2.9

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V7.4.3

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Identity proofing at appropriate assurance levels ensures forgotten-password recovery cannot succeed without strong verification of the user.

Authenticator management requires secure distribution, reset, and verification procedures that directly address weak password recovery flows.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.AA-01 mostly match
prevents

Credential lifecycle management directly includes password reset/recovery flows.

PR.AA-02 mostly match
prevents

Identity proofing is the core control that prevents weak or bypassed recovery mechanisms.

PR.AA-03 partial match
prevents

Authentication policy covers strength/MFA but does not address recovery path weaknesses.

PR.PS-06 partial match
prevents

Secure SDLC reduces implementation flaws but is not specific to password-recovery design.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

degrades

Strong authentication-information lifecycle rules directly address weak password-recovery flows.

prevents

Secure-SDLC practices can embed strong recovery design, yet the control is broader than this single weakness.

prevents

Application-security requirements can mandate secure recovery flows, but the control covers many other requirements.

prevents

Secure-coding standards can prevent weak recovery implementations, yet the control is wider in scope.

mitigates

Secure-authentication requirements include robust forgotten-password procedures.

none

Proper access-rights provisioning can limit who can trigger recovery, but does not fix the recovery mechanism itself.

References