CVE-2024-10238

High

Published: 04 February 2025

Published

04 February 2025

Modified

15 April 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score v3.1 7.2 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0011 28.5th percentile

Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2024-10238 is a high-severity Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121) vulnerability in Supermicro MBD-X12DPG-OA6 (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 7.2 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked at the 28.5th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2024-10238 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability (CWE-121) in the firmware image verification implementation of the Supermicro MBD-X12DPG-OA6 motherboard. The issue arises from a failure to check the fld->used_bytes value, allowing a specially crafted firmware image to trigger the overflow. Published on February 4, 2025, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.2 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high severity due to its potential for significant impact.

An attacker with high privileges (PR:H), such as an administrator with access to the system's firmware update mechanisms, can exploit this vulnerability over the network (AV:N) with low complexity (AC:L) and no user interaction required (UI:N). By uploading a maliciously crafted firmware image, the attacker can trigger the stack overflow, potentially achieving high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts (C:H/I:H/A:H) within the unchanged scope (S:U), such as arbitrary code execution or full system compromise on the affected Supermicro motherboard.

Supermicro has published a security advisory addressing this and related BMC/IPMI issues, available at https://www.supermicro.com/en/support/security_BMC_IPMI_Jan_2025, which likely includes firmware updates or patches for mitigation. Security practitioners should apply these updates promptly to affected systems.

EU & UK References

🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2024-33598

Vulnerability details

A security issue in the firmware image verification implementation at Supermicro MBD-X12DPG-OA6. An attacker can upload a specially crafted image that will cause a stack overflow is caused by not checking fld->used_bytes.

CWE(s): CWE-121

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation

Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.

attack.mitre.org →

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

Stack buffer overflow in network-accessible firmware verification (admin auth) directly enables remote exploitation for code execution and system compromise.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1