Cyber Resilience

CVE-2024-28639

Memory Safety in Totolink X5000R Firmware 9.1.0u.6118_b20201102

Public PoCMemory Safety
Published
16 March 2024
Modified
17 June 2026
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.012 66th percentile
Risk Priority 78 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2024-28639 is a critical-severity Classic Buffer Overflow (CWE-120) vulnerability in Totolink X5000R Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 34% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2024-28639 is a buffer overflow vulnerability (CWE-120) present in the TOTOLINK X5000R firmware version V9.1.0u.6118-B20201102 and the A7000R firmware version V9.1.0u.6115-B20201022. The flaw resides in handling of the IP field and carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8, reflecting network attack vector, low complexity, and no required privileges or user interaction.

Unauthenticated remote attackers can supply a crafted IP value to trigger the overflow, enabling arbitrary code execution or a denial-of-service condition on the affected routers. Because the devices are typically internet-facing, the vulnerability can be reached directly over the network without prior access.

Public references consist of GitHub repositories documenting the TOTOLINK issues, but no vendor advisory or firmware patch information is supplied in the available sources. The EPSS score rose from a low baseline to a peak of 0.0642 on 2025-01-22 before receding to the current value of 0.0181, indicating a period of increased exploitation interest after disclosure.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Buffer Overflow vulnerability in TOTOLink X5000R V9.1.0u.6118-B20201102 and A7000R V9.1.0u.6115-B20201022, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code and cause a denial of service (DoS) via the IP field.

CWE(s)
CWE-120

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
attack.mitre.org →
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-7212Same product: Totolink A7000R
CVE-2024-7213Same product: Totolink A7000R
CVE-2024-28640Same product: Totolink A7000R
CVE-2023-36950Same product: Totolink A7000R
CVE-2023-45984Same product: Totolink A7000R
CVE-2023-45985Same product: Totolink A7000R
CVE-2023-36947Same product: Totolink A7000R
CVE-2024-7157Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2024-33820Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2025-45865Same vendor: Totolink

Affected Assets

totolink
x5000r firmware
9.1.0u.6118_b20201102
totolink
a7000r firmware
9.1.0u.6115_b20201022

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V5.2.1

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and analysis can find missing size checks before deployment.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

Input validation directly enforces size checks before buffer copies.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Engineering principles require bounds checking and safe buffer handling in design.

SI-16 Memory Protection partial match

Memory protection limits the impact of an overflow once it occurs.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure development practices directly enforce bounds checking and input validation that prevent classic buffer overflows.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes such as code review or scanning detect classic buffer overflows before exploitation.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching replaces vulnerable code containing unchecked buffer copies with corrected versions.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.28 Secure coding mostly match
prevents

Secure coding directly requires bounds-checked memory operations, addressing the root cause of CWE-120.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing in development and acceptance can detect buffer overflows through fuzzing and static analysis, though it does not prevent them at the source.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates processes that can include input validation and bounds checking to prevent buffer overflows.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements can specify input-size validation and safe buffer handling to mitigate classic buffer overflows.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure system architecture and engineering principles promote defensive coding patterns that reduce the likelihood of unchecked buffer copies.

References