Cyber Resilience

CVE-2024-3596

Freeradius ≤ 3.0.27

Published
09 July 2024
Modified
12 May 2026
CVSS Score v3.1 9.0
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.15 96th percentile
Risk Priority 77 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2024-3596 is a critical-severity Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value (CWE-354) vulnerability in Freeradius Freeradius. Its CVSS base score is 9.0 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Supply Chain Compromise (T1195); ranked in the top 4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SC-13 (Cryptographic Protection) and SC-8 (Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

The vulnerability affects the RADIUS protocol as defined in RFC 2865, where the MD5-based Response Authenticator signature is susceptible to chosen-prefix collision attacks. This allows forgery of any valid response packet, including Access-Accept, Access-Reject, or Access-Challenge messages, without knowledge of the shared secret.

An attacker positioned to observe or intercept RADIUS traffic can exploit the issue to alter response contents, potentially granting unauthorized access, denying service, or manipulating authentication flows. The CVSS 9.0 score reflects network attack vector, high complexity, and impacts across confidentiality, integrity, and availability in a scoped environment.

Published references include an IETF draft on deprecating RADIUS, Siemens product security advisories, and the original RFC 2865 specification, pointing practitioners toward protocol migration and updated implementations. The associated EPSS score reached a peak of 0.2432 with a current value of 0.2216, indicating measurable post-disclosure interest that warrants monitoring.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

RADIUS Protocol under RFC 2865 is susceptible to forgery attacks by a local attacker who can modify any valid Response (Access-Accept, Access-Reject, or Access-Challenge) to any other response using a chosen-prefix collision attack against MD5 Response Authenticator signature.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1195 Supply Chain Compromise Initial Access
Adversaries may manipulate products or product delivery mechanisms prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise.
T1195.001 Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools Initial Access
Adversaries may manipulate software dependencies and development tools prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise.
T1195.002 Compromise Software Supply Chain Initial Access
Adversaries may manipulate application software prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise.
T1557 Adversary-in-the-Middle Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to position themselves between two or more networked devices using an adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) technique to support follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.
T1565 Data Manipulation Impact
Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data in order to influence external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.
T1565.002 Transmitted Data Manipulation Impact
Adversaries may alter data en route to storage or other systems in order to manipulate external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-4929Shared CWE-354
CVE-2024-49406Shared CWE-354
CVE-2026-34182Shared CWE-354
CVE-2024-45789Shared CWE-354
CVE-2026-12816Shared CWE-354
CVE-2024-41909Shared CWE-354
CVE-2026-48028Shared CWE-354
CVE-2026-31839Shared CWE-354
CVE-2026-59642Shared CWE-354
CVE-2026-32313Shared CWE-354

Affected Assets

freeradius
freeradius
≤ 3.0.27
broadcom
brocade sannav
all versions
broadcom
fabric operating system
all versions
sonicwall
sonicos
all versions

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 16 hardening rules · 4 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V10.4.12

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Requires protection of integrity for transmitted information, directly stopping the failure to verify messages were unmodified in transit.

Requires integrity verification tools that detect unauthorized changes when checksum validation is missing or flawed.

Mandates cryptographic mechanisms that include integrity protection, preventing improper checksum validation.

Associates integrity-related security attributes with exchanged information, helping ensure modification can be detected during transmission.

Protects session authenticity, which structurally reduces the ability to undetectably modify messages in the channel.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.DS-02 full match
prevents

Directly requires integrity protection (e.g., signatures/hashes) for data-in-transit, which prevents the described weakness while also addressing confidentiality/availability.

PR.DS-01 mostly match
prevents

Requires cryptographic hashes and signatures that directly enforce integrity-check validation for data at rest.

ID.RA-09 partial match
prevents

Mandates pre-acquisition integrity assessment, addressing only the initial portion of the weakness lifecycle.

RC.RP-03 partial match
prevents

Requires verification of backup integrity, covering validation only within recovery scenarios.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Mandates network security controls that can enforce message integrity on channels.

prevents

Addresses security of network services, which may include integrity mechanisms.

prevents

Cryptographic controls mandate integrity mechanisms whose correct validation directly prevents CWE-354.

prevents

Secure coding standards require proper implementation and validation of checksums or MACs.

finds

Security testing can detect missing integrity validation but does not itself implement the control.

prevents

Requires secure information transfer procedures that can include integrity checks.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (5 rules)
  • V-248574 YUM must be configured to prevent the installation of patches, service packs, device drivers, or OL 8 system components that have not been digitally signed using a certificate that is recognized and approved by the organization. prevents CWE-354, CWE-924
  • V-248575 OL 8 must prevent the installation of software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components of local packages without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that is recognized and approved by the organization. prevents CWE-354
  • V-248823 OL 8 must not have the telnet-server package installed. prevents CWE-924
Oracle Linux 9 (1 rule)
  • V-271523 OL 9 must check the GPG signature of locally installed software packages before installation. prevents CWE-354
RHEL 7 (2 rules)
  • V-204447 The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must prevent the installation of software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components from a repository without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that is recognized and approved by the organization. prevents CWE-354
  • V-204448 The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must prevent the installation of software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components of local packages without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that is recognized and approved by the organization. prevents CWE-354
RHEL 8 (2 rules)
  • V-230264 RHEL 8 must prevent the installation of software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components from a repository without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that is recognized and approved by the organization. prevents CWE-354
  • V-230265 RHEL 8 must prevent the installation of software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components of local packages without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that is recognized and approved by the organization. prevents CWE-354

References