Cyber Resilience

CVE-2024-45195

Apache Ofbiz ≤ 18.12.16

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD Exploited
Published
04 September 2024
Modified
23 October 2025
KEV Added
04 February 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
EPSS Score 0.99 100.0th percentile
Risk Priority 84 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2024-45195 is a high-severity Forced Browsing (CWE-425) vulnerability in Apache Ofbiz. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 0.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-24 (Access Control Decisions) and AC-3 (Access Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2024-45195 is a Direct Request ('Forced Browsing') vulnerability, tracked under CWE-425, that affects Apache OFBiz versions prior to 18.12.16. The flaw permits unauthorized access to protected resources through direct URL requests, resulting in a CVSS 3.1 score of 7.5 with network attack vector, low complexity, and high confidentiality impact.

An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit the issue by crafting direct requests to restricted endpoints, bypassing normal access controls and obtaining sensitive data stored or processed by the OFBiz application. No authentication or user interaction is required, enabling straightforward information disclosure against any exposed instance.

Apache OFBiz project advisories direct users to upgrade immediately to version 18.12.16, which resolves the vulnerability. The fix is available via the project's download page and is documented in the associated security notice and JIRA issue OFBIZ-13130.

The CVE carries a high EPSS score of 0.9415, indicating substantial exploitation likelihood.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Direct Request ('Forced Browsing') vulnerability in Apache OFBiz. This issue affects Apache OFBiz: before 18.12.16. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 18.12.16, which fixes the issue.

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
04 February 2025

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1083 File and Directory Discovery Discovery
Adversaries may enumerate files and directories or may search in specific locations of a host or network share for certain information within a file system.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-32113Same product: Apache Ofbizboth on KEV
CVE-2024-38856Same product: Apache Ofbizboth on KEV
CVE-2026-31910Same product: Apache Ofbiz
CVE-2026-29220Same product: Apache Ofbiz
CVE-2026-31380Same product: Apache Ofbiz
CVE-2023-51467Same product: Apache Ofbiz
CVE-2026-41919Same product: Apache Ofbiz
CVE-2024-36104Same product: Apache Ofbiz
CVE-2026-29226Same product: Apache Ofbiz
CVE-2024-25065Same product: Apache Ofbiz

Affected Assets

apache
ofbiz
≤ 18.12.16

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

AC-3 directly requires enforcement of authorizations for access to resources such as URLs, scripts, and files, structurally preventing forced browsing.

AC-24 requires that access-control decisions be applied to every request, addressing the missing enforcement on restricted URLs.

AC-6 requires restricting authorizations to the minimum needed, reducing the set of resources that must be protected against direct requests.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.AA-05 full match
prevents

Directly requires policy-driven definition, enforcement, and review of authorizations on resources such as URLs.

PR.IR-01 mostly match
prevents

Protects environments from unauthorized logical access, which includes preventing direct requests to restricted paths.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing can detect forced-browsing flaws, but the control itself does not prevent them in production.

prevents

Information access restriction implements the technical enforcement that directly blocks unauthorized direct requests.

prevents

Access control policy directly requires authorization checks on all resources, preventing forced browsing.

degrades

Managing access rights ensures every URL/script/file is explicitly authorized, mitigating direct request attacks.

degrades

Privileged access rights control enforces least-privilege checks on restricted endpoints.

prevents

Secure SDLC can include authorization design, yet the control itself does not guarantee runtime enforcement.

References