Cyber Resilience

CVE-2024-45519

RCE in Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite ≤ 8.8.15

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedPublic PoCRCECommand Injection
Published
02 October 2024
Modified
04 November 2025
KEV Added
03 October 2024
CVSS Score v3.1 10.0
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.99 100.0th percentile
Risk Priority 100 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2024-45519 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite. Its CVSS base score is 10.0 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 0.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

The vulnerability is an unauthenticated command execution flaw in the postjournal service of Zimbra Collaboration (ZCS). It affects all versions prior to 8.8.15 Patch 46, 9.0.0 Patch 41, 10.0.9, and 10.1.1, and carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 10.0 with CWE-78 characteristics indicating OS command injection exposure.

Unauthenticated remote attackers can reach the postjournal service over the network and execute arbitrary commands with the privileges of the service, resulting in full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on affected Zimbra deployments without any user interaction or authentication.

Zimbra's security advisories and release notes direct administrators to apply the listed patches for each branch, which are documented in the vendor's Security Center and the specific fix entries for 8.8.15/P46, 9.0.0/P41, 10.0.9, and 10.1.1.

The CVE maintains an extremely high EPSS score with a current value of 0.9416 and a recorded peak of 0.9503.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

The postjournal service in Zimbra Collaboration (ZCS) before 8.8.15 Patch 46, 9 before 9.0.0 Patch 41, 10 before 10.0.9, and 10.1 before 10.1.1 sometimes allows unauthenticated users to execute commands.

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
03 October 2024

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2022-27924Same product: Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suiteboth on KEV
CVE-2022-24682Same product: Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suiteboth on KEV
CVE-2022-41352Same product: Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suiteboth on KEV
CVE-2022-27925Same product: Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suiteboth on KEV
CVE-2019-9621Same product: Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suiteboth on KEV
CVE-2020-7796Same product: Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suiteboth on KEV
CVE-2022-37042Same product: Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suiteboth on KEV
CVE-2025-68645Same product: Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suiteboth on KEV
CVE-2019-9670Same product: Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suiteboth on KEV
CVE-2018-6882Same product: Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suiteboth on KEV

Affected Assets

synacor
zimbra collaboration suite
10.1.0, 8.8.15, 9.0.0 · ≤ 8.8.15 · 10.0.0 — 10.0.9

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V15.2.5

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation can discover missing or incorrect command sanitization during development.

Input validation directly neutralizes or rejects special characters that would otherwise alter OS command structure.

Least privilege reduces the permissions available to any process that could be subverted by injected commands.

Least functionality restricts available OS commands and interpreters, limiting the blast radius of injection.

Secure engineering principles require proper neutralization of untrusted input before command construction.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.

References