CVE-2025-1675

High

Published: 25 February 2025

Published

25 February 2025

Modified

03 March 2025

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 8.2 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0040 60.6th percentile

Risk Priority 17 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-1675 is a high-severity Out-of-bounds Read (CWE-125) vulnerability in Zephyrproject Zephyr. Its CVSS base score is 8.2 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 39.4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-16 (Memory Protection).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190). What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Requires validation of untrusted DNS packet inputs, including buffer size checks, to prevent buffer over-reads during memcpy operations in dns_copy_qname.

SI-16 Memory Protection good match

prevent

Implements memory protection mechanisms that detect and prevent out-of-bounds memory reads from malformed DNS packets.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

preventrecover

Mandates timely identification, testing, and deployment of patches for the specific buffer over-read flaw as detailed in the Zephyr security advisory.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

Buffer over-read in network-facing DNS packet parser allows remote unauthenticated attackers to trigger DoS/info leak via crafted packets, directly enabling exploitation of exposed services.

Confidence: MEDIUM · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

The function dns_copy_qname in dns_pack.c performs performs a memcpy operation with an untrusted field and does not check if the source buffer is large enough to contain the copied data.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-1675 is a buffer over-read vulnerability (CWE-125) in the Zephyr RTOS, affecting the dns_copy_qname function in dns_pack.c. The function performs a memcpy operation with an untrusted field from a DNS packet without checking if the source buffer contains sufficient data, potentially leading to out-of-bounds memory reads.

With a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.2 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H), the vulnerability is exploitable over the network with low complexity, requiring no privileges or user interaction. Remote attackers can send crafted DNS packets to affected Zephyr-based systems, achieving limited confidentiality impact through data leakage and high availability impact via denial-of-service, such as crashes or memory corruption.

Mitigation details are available in the Zephyr Project security advisory at https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-2m84-5hfw-m8v4.