Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-21241

High

Published: 14 January 2025

Published
14 January 2025
Modified
24 January 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0090 75.8th percentile
Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-21241 is a high-severity Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 10 1507. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation of Remote Services (T1210); ranked in the top 24.2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-16 (Memory Protection) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploitation of Remote Services (T1210) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Requires timely remediation of the specific Remote Code Execution flaw in Windows Telephony Service via patching.

prevent

Implements memory protections such as ASLR and DEP that directly mitigate buffer overflow (CWE-122) exploitation leading to RCE.

prevent

Minimizes attack surface by disabling the unnecessary Windows Telephony Service, preventing remote exploitation opportunities.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
Why these techniques?

RCE in Windows Telephony Service (remote, unauthenticated, network-accessible) directly maps to exploitation of remote services (T1210) and enables arbitrary command/script execution (T1059).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

Windows Telephony Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-21241 is a Remote Code Execution vulnerability in the Windows Telephony Service. Published on 2025-01-14, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) and is associated with CWE-122 and NVD-CWE-noinfo.

The vulnerability can be exploited by a remote attacker requiring no privileges, though it demands user interaction and features low attack complexity. Successful exploitation enables the attacker to execute arbitrary code, resulting in high impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability within the affected system's scope.

Microsoft's update guide provides details on mitigation, available at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21241.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

microsoft
windows 10 1507
≤ 10.0.10240.20890 · ≤ 10.0.10240.20890
microsoft
windows 10 1607
≤ 10.0.14393.7699 · ≤ 10.0.14393.7699
microsoft
windows 10 1809
≤ 10.0.17763.6775 · ≤ 10.0.17763.6775
microsoft
windows 10 21h2
≤ 10.0.19044.5371
microsoft
windows 10 22h2
≤ 10.0.19045.5371
microsoft
windows 11 22h2
≤ 10.0.22621.4751
microsoft
windows 11 23h2
≤ 10.0.22631.4751
microsoft
windows 11 24h2
≤ 10.0.26100.2894
microsoft
windows server 2016
≤ 10.0.14393.7699
microsoft
windows server 2019
≤ 10.0.17763.6775
+3 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-21417Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21238Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21190Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21248Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21223Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21236Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21200Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-24051Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21282Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21306Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507

References