CVE-2025-21584

A.5.15 directly requires determining access needs, defining and communicating an access control policy, implementing rules that map rights/restrictions to entities (including consistency with classification), and considering need-to-know, privileged restrictions, segregation, formal authorization, and dynamic factors — which squarely stops most incorrect permission assignments from being exploitable; the bounded remainder is misconfigurations that violate the policy itself.

A.5.18 directly governs the provisioning, review, adjustment and revocation of logical access rights (including for critical resources) according to business needs, policy, SoD and risk, which stops most unintended actors from reading/modifying via incorrect permissions; the bounded remainder is incorrect permission assignments that are not access-right decisions at all (e.g. filesystem umask, ACL syntax errors).

A.8.2 directly controls the allocation, review, expiry, and use of privileged rights (including least-privilege, temporary grants, no generic IDs, and higher authentication), which stops most unintended read/modify cases named by CWE-732; the bounded remainder is non-privileged incorrect permission assignments (e.g. on files or objects that never require privilege).

Requiring explicit configuration of access controls and permissions for files, applications and services counters the assignment of overly permissive default or incorrect file-system rights.

A.8.32's formal change process (impact assessment, authorization, testing per 8.29, documentation, and enforcement across the SDLC) prevents most incorrect permission assignments on critical resources by catching them before or during implementation; the bounded remainder is ad-hoc/emergency changes or post-deployment permission drift outside the managed process.

A.8.4 strictly controls read/write access to source code and associated critical resources per roles/business needs (with audit and change-control integration), directly preventing most unintended read/modify cases in CWE-732; the bounded remainder is misconfigured permissions on non-source-code critical resources (e.g. configs, keys, or runtime artifacts) outside the clause's explicit scope.