Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-22357

High

Published: 07 January 2025

Published
07 January 2025
Modified
23 April 2026
KEV Added
—
Patch
—
CVSS Score v3.1 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0024 47.7th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-22357 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 47.7th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-22357 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, enabling Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) as classified under CWE-79. It affects the Target Notifications WordPress plugin by wpdever, impacting all versions from n/a through 1.1.1 inclusive. The issue was published on 2025-01-07.

With a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L), the vulnerability can be exploited by unauthenticated attackers over the network with low attack complexity. Exploitation requires user interaction, such as clicking a malicious link that triggers the reflected XSS payload. Successful attacks change scope, allowing limited impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, such as script execution in the victim's browser to potentially steal session data or perform actions on the targeted site.

The Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/target-notifications/vulnerability/wordpress-target-notifications-plugin-1-1-1-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve provides details on this vulnerability in the Target Notifications plugin.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in wpdever Target Notifications target-notifications allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Target Notifications: from n/a through <= 1.1.1.

CWE(s)
CWE-79

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1204.001 Malicious Link Execution
An adversary may rely upon a user clicking a malicious link in order to gain execution.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

Reflected XSS in public-facing WordPress plugin directly enables remote exploitation of web app (T1190) via crafted malicious link requiring user click (T1204.001).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-22765Shared CWE-79
CVE-2024-13885Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23645Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-24017Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-24544Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-68037Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23725Shared CWE-79
CVE-2026-24955Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23834Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23466Shared CWE-79

Affected Assets

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SI-15 Information Output Filtering good match
prevent

Directly prevents reflected XSS by filtering output during web page generation to neutralize untrusted input and block script injection.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match
prevent

Mitigates the vulnerability by validating and sanitizing user inputs to the Target Notifications plugin, preventing malicious payloads from being processed.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match
prevent

Requires identification, reporting, and correction of the specific flaw in the Target Notifications WordPress plugin versions <=1.1.1 through timely patching.

References