CVE-2025-23578

High

Published: 22 January 2025

Published

22 January 2025

Modified

23 April 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score v3.1 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L

EPSS Score 0.0035 57.6th percentile

Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-23578 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 42.4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-23578 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, classified as Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) under CWE-79, in the Custom CSS Addons WordPress plugin (css-addons) developed by Bastien Ho. The issue affects all versions from n/a through 1.9.1. Published on 2025-01-22T15:15:17.687, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L).

Attackers can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network with low complexity and no required privileges, though it demands user interaction such as clicking a malicious link. A successful Reflected XSS attack allows execution of arbitrary scripts in the context of the targeted user's browser, potentially enabling low-level impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with a changed scope due to the cross-origin effects.

The Patchstack advisory provides details on this WordPress plugin vulnerability, including mitigation guidance, at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/css-addons/vulnerability/wordpress-custom-css-addons-plugin-1-9-1-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve.

EU & UK References

🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-3260

Vulnerability details

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Bastien Ho Custom CSS Addons css-addons allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Custom CSS Addons: from n/a through <= 1.9.1.

CWE(s): CWE-79

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1566.002 Spearphishing Link Initial Access

Adversaries may send spearphishing emails with a malicious link in an attempt to gain access to victim systems.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

Reflected XSS in public-facing WordPress plugin enables exploitation of the web application via crafted links, mapping directly to T1190 and T1566.002 due to the described remote attack vector requiring a malicious link click.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1