Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-23605

High

Published: 22 January 2025

Published
22 January 2025
Modified
23 April 2026
KEV Added
—
Patch
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CVSS Score v3.1 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0034 57.4th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-23605 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 42.6% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-23605 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, classified as Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) under CWE-79, in the Call To Action Popup plugin (call-to-action-popup) for WordPress developed by lampd. This issue affects all versions of the plugin from n/a through 1.0.2 inclusive. The vulnerability was published on 2025-01-22 and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L).

Attackers can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network with low attack complexity and no required privileges, though it demands user interaction such as visiting a maliciously crafted link or page. Upon successful exploitation, reflected XSS allows injection of arbitrary scripts into dynamically generated web pages viewed by authenticated users, potentially compromising low levels of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The changed scope (S:C) indicates impact extends beyond the vulnerable component, enabling theft of session cookies, keystroke logging, or phishing within the context of the WordPress site.

The primary advisory from Patchstack (https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/call-to-action-popup/vulnerability/wordpress-call-to-action-popup-plugin-1-0-2-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve) documents this vulnerability in the Call To Action Popup WordPress plugin version 1.0.2. Security practitioners should review this reference for recommended mitigations, which may include plugin updates if available, input sanitization, or temporary disabling of the plugin.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in lampd Call To Action Popup call-to-action-popup allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Call To Action Popup: from n/a through <= 1.0.2.

CWE(s)
CWE-79

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1185 Browser Session Hijacking Collection
Adversaries may take advantage of security vulnerabilities and inherent functionality in browser software to change content, modify user-behaviors, and intercept information as part of various browser session hijacking techniques.
attack.mitre.org →
T1056.001 Keylogging Collection
Adversaries may log user keystrokes to intercept credentials as the user types them.
attack.mitre.org →
T1550.004 Web Session Cookie Lateral Movement
Adversaries can use stolen session cookies to authenticate to web applications and services.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

Reflected XSS in public-facing WordPress plugin directly enables T1190 (exploiting the app via crafted input), T1185 (browser session hijacking), T1056.001 (keylogging via injected scripts), and T1550.004 (stealing web session cookies).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-25306Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23786Shared CWE-79
CVE-2026-2834Shared CWE-79
CVE-2026-1843Shared CWE-79
CVE-2026-42678Shared CWE-79
CVE-2023-49186Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-22586Shared CWE-79
CVE-2026-1316Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23451Shared CWE-79
CVE-2026-34564Shared CWE-79

Affected Assets

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match
prevent

Directly addresses improper neutralization of input by requiring validation of user inputs to prevent reflected XSS script injection in the WordPress plugin.

SI-15 Information Output Filtering good match
prevent

Prevents reflected XSS by filtering information outputs during web page generation to neutralize malicious scripts before rendering.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match
prevent

Mitigates the specific CVE by requiring timely flaw remediation, such as updating or disabling the vulnerable Call To Action Popup plugin.

References