CVE-2025-23889
Published: 24 January 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-23889 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique JavaScript (T1059.007); ranked at the 40.1th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).
Threat & Defense at a Glance
Threat & Defense Details
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI
Directly addresses improper neutralization of input during web page generation by requiring output filtering to prevent execution of injected scripts in reflected XSS attacks.
Mandates validation of user inputs to block malicious payloads that could be reflected and executed as scripts in the browser.
Ensures timely patching of the specific flaw in the FooGallery Captions plugin to remediate the XSS vulnerability across affected versions.
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Reflected XSS directly enables arbitrary JavaScript execution in the victim's browser (T1059.007) and facilitates delivery via crafted malicious links in spearphishing attacks (T1566.002).
NVD Description
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in tormorten FooGallery Captions foogallery-captions allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects FooGallery Captions: from n/a through <= 1.0.2.
Deeper analysisAI
CVE-2025-23889 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, manifesting as a Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) issue under CWE-79. It affects the FooGallery Captions WordPress plugin (foogallery-captions) by tormorten, impacting all versions from n/a through 1.0.2 inclusive. The vulnerability was published on 2025-01-24.
The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L), indicating network accessibility, low attack complexity, no required privileges, and user interaction such as clicking a malicious link. Remote attackers without authentication can exploit it to inject and execute arbitrary scripts in users' browsers within the context of the affected site, potentially compromising session data or performing actions on behalf of the victim, with low impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability due to the changed scope.
Mitigation details are available in the Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/foogallery-captions/vulnerability/wordpress-foogallery-captions-plugin-1-0-2-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve.
Details
- CWE(s)