CVE-2025-2395
Edetw U-Office Force ≤ 28.0
Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HSummary
CVE-2025-2395 is a critical-severity Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking (CWE-565) vulnerability in Edetw U-Office Force. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Web Session Cookie (T1550.004); ranked at the 43th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and SC-23 (Session Authenticity) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
The U-Office Force application from e-Excellence contains an Improper Authentication vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-2395 with a CVSS v3.1 score of 9.8. The flaw stems from insufficient validation that permits unauthenticated remote attackers to invoke a particular API and modify cookies in order to assume administrator privileges.
Unauthenticated attackers on the network can leverage the weakness to bypass login controls entirely, resulting in full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability on affected installations.
Taiwan's CERT has published advisories detailing the issue and recommended actions at the referenced URLs. The associated EPSS score remains low, with a current value of 0.0123 and a recorded peak of 0.0237.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-6456
Vulnerability Data
The U-Office Force from e-Excellence has an Improper Authentication vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to use a particular API and alter cookies to log in as an administrator.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Access Enforcement requires authorizations to be enforced by the system rather than by trusting client-supplied cookie values.
Session Authenticity directly requires protecting the integrity and authenticity of session tokens such as cookies, eliminating blind reliance on them.
Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity mandates cryptographic or equivalent protection for data in transit, which covers cookie values exchanged over HTTP.
Software, Firmware, and Information Integrity can detect unauthorized modification of cookie-based data after the fact via integrity verification.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Cookies commonly carry identity assertions; requiring their protection, conveyance, and verification directly eliminates the weakness.
Strong authentication mechanisms reduce reliance on unvalidated cookies for identity and access decisions.
Cryptographic integrity for data-in-transit directly mitigates tampering of cookies sent over the network.
Enforcing access policy and least privilege limits damage from cookie misuse but does not address cookie validation itself.
Integrity protections for data-at-rest can apply to cookie stores but do not cover validation during use.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Security testing can detect cookie-validation flaws but does not itself implement the required controls.
Application security requirements can mandate cookie validation, integrity protection, and server-side session handling.
Secure coding practices directly eliminate reliance on unvalidated cookies by requiring proper integrity checks and server-side verification.
Secure authentication mechanisms can enforce server-side validation and integrity checks that prevent reliance on untrusted cookies.