Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-2396

Edetw U-Office Force ≤ 28.0

Published
17 March 2025
Modified
18 November 2025
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0064 47th percentile
Risk Priority 69 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-2396 is a high-severity Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type (CWE-434) vulnerability in Edetw U-Office Force. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 47th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-3 (Malicious Code Protection) and CM-7 (Least Functionality) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

The U-Office Force application from e-Excellence contains an arbitrary file upload vulnerability tracked as CVE-2025-2396 and CWE-434. The flaw permits unauthenticated or low-privileged remote attackers to upload executable files such as web shells directly to the server, resulting in arbitrary code execution. It carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.8 with an attack vector of network, low complexity, and low privileges required.

An attacker who already possesses regular user credentials can send a crafted upload request over the network to place and execute a web shell, thereby gaining full control of the underlying server including the ability to read, modify, or delete data and potentially pivot further into the environment. No user interaction is needed on the part of the victim.

Taiwan's CERT has published advisories detailing the issue at the referenced URLs; these documents are the primary source for official mitigation steps such as applying vendor patches or configuration changes. The associated EPSS score rose from a low baseline to a peak of 0.0381, indicating that exploitation interest increased after public disclosure.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

The U-Office Force from e-Excellence has an Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability, allowing remote attackers with regular privileges to upload and execute web shell backdoors, thereby enabling arbitrary code execution on the server.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1505 Server Software Component Persistence
Adversaries may abuse legitimate extensible development features of servers to establish persistent access to systems.
T1505.003 Web Shell Persistence
Adversaries may backdoor web servers with web shells to establish persistent access to systems.
T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
T1105 Ingress Tool Transfer Command And Control
Adversaries may transfer tools or other files from an external system into a compromised environment.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-32757Same product: Edetw U-Office Force
CVE-2025-12865Same product: Edetw U-Office Force
CVE-2023-32756Same product: Edetw U-Office Force
CVE-2025-12864Same product: Edetw U-Office Force
CVE-2026-3422Same product: Edetw U-Office Force
CVE-2023-32755Same product: Edetw U-Office Force
CVE-2025-2395Same product: Edetw U-Office Force
CVE-2023-31946Shared CWE-434
CVE-2023-25922Shared CWE-434
CVE-2024-49216Shared CWE-434

Affected Assets

edetw
u-office force
≤ 28.0

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V5.1.1

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Malicious-code protection at entry points blocks dangerous file types from being accepted and executed.

Least functionality restricts the file types and automatic processing capabilities the system will accept.

SC-18 Mobile Code partial match

Mobile-code controls define, authorize, and block unacceptable uploaded code before automatic processing occurs.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-05 mostly match
prevents

Restricting execution of unauthorized software directly blocks dangerous uploaded files from running.

PR.PS-01 partial match
prevents

Hardened configuration baselines can enforce allowed file types and processing rules.

PR.PS-06 partial match
prevents

Secure development practices include input validation and file-type restrictions that prevent this weakness.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Configuration and acceptance testing verify that file-upload handling enforces allowed types and does not permit dangerous content to be stored or executed.

prevents

Secure-coding guidelines and security testing explicitly address restrictions on allowed file types and upload handling, reducing the risk that dangerous file uploads are accepted without validation.

prevents

Mandated testing for malicious content and known vulnerabilities reduces the likelihood that an outsourced component will contain or accept dangerous file types that could later be uploaded or executed.

mitigates

Application allow-listing and pre-use scanning of received files directly blocks the introduction of executable content that has not been vetted, eliminating the primary vector for unrestricted dangerous file uploads.

References