CVE-2025-23984

High

Published: 03 February 2025

Published

03 February 2025

Modified

23 April 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score v3.1 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L

EPSS Score 0.0004 12.7th percentile

Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-23984 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 12.7th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-23984 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, classified as Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) under CWE-79, in the Dynamic URL SEO WordPress plugin developed by brainvireinfo. The flaw affects the plugin from unknown initial versions through 1.0 inclusive, enabling attackers to inject malicious scripts via unsanitized input reflected in web page generation.

With a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L), the vulnerability is exploitable over the network by unauthenticated attackers requiring low complexity and user interaction, such as tricking a site visitor or administrator into following a malicious link. Successful exploitation changes the security scope, allowing script execution in the victim's browser context and resulting in low impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability, such as potential session hijacking or data theft from the affected user.

The Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/dynamic-url-seo/vulnerability/wordpress-dynamic-url-seo-plugin-1-0-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve provides further details on the vulnerability for mitigation guidance.

EU & UK References

🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-3582

Vulnerability details

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in brainvireinfo Dynamic URL SEO dynamic-url-seo allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Dynamic URL SEO: from n/a through <= 1.0.

CWE(s): CWE-79

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1204.001 Malicious Link Execution

An adversary may rely upon a user clicking a malicious link in order to gain execution.

attack.mitre.org →

T1059.007 JavaScript Execution

Adversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript for execution.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

Reflected XSS in public-facing WordPress plugin enables exploitation of public-facing apps (T1190) via crafted malicious links (T1204.001) that inject/execute JavaScript in browser context (T1059.007).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0