Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-24075

High

Published: 11 March 2025

Published
11 March 2025
Modified
02 July 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 7.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0020 41.2th percentile
Risk Priority 16 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-24075 is a high-severity Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121) vulnerability in Microsoft Office Long Term Servicing Channel. Its CVSS base score is 7.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203); ranked at the 41.2th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-16 (Memory Protection) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

SI-2 requires timely remediation of flaws such as the Excel buffer overflow via vendor patches, directly eliminating the vulnerability.

prevent

SI-16 implements memory protections like DEP and stack canaries that prevent arbitrary code execution from stack-based buffer overflows in Excel.

preventdetect

SI-3 deploys malicious code protection mechanisms that scan and block specially crafted Excel files before user interaction enables exploitation.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1204.002 Malicious File Execution
An adversary may rely upon a user opening a malicious file in order to gain execution.
Why these techniques?

Stack-based buffer overflow in Excel enables arbitrary code execution via opening a malicious file, directly mapping to client-side vulnerability exploitation and user execution of malicious files.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

NVD Description

Stack-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-24075 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability (CWE-121) affecting Microsoft Office Excel. Published on 2025-03-11T17:16:30.270, it allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally and carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Exploitation requires local access to the target system (AV:L) with low attack complexity (AC:L) and no privileges (PR:N), but user interaction is necessary (UI:R), such as opening a specially crafted Excel file. Successful exploitation enables arbitrary code execution, resulting in high impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H) within the local scope (S:U).

The Microsoft Security Response Center has published an update guide with mitigation details at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-24075.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

microsoft
365 apps
all versions
microsoft
excel
2016
microsoft
office
2019
microsoft
office long term servicing channel
2021, 2024
microsoft
office online server
all versions

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References