Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-24441

High

Published: 11 March 2025

Published
11 March 2025
Modified
01 April 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 7.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0003 8.8th percentile
Risk Priority 16 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-24441 is a high-severity Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787) vulnerability in Adobe Substance 3D Sampler. Its CVSS base score is 7.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Malicious File (T1204.002); ranked at the 8.8th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) and RA-5 (Vulnerability Monitoring and Scanning).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Malicious File (T1204.002). What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Mandates timely remediation of identified flaws like CVE-2025-24441 through patching vulnerable Substance3D Sampler versions as recommended in Adobe APSB25-16.

prevent

Implements memory protections such as ASLR and DEP that mitigate exploitation of out-of-bounds write vulnerabilities during malicious file processing.

detect

Requires vulnerability scanning to identify and prioritize systems running affected Substance3D Sampler versions for remediation.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1204.002 Malicious File Execution
An adversary may rely upon a user opening a malicious file in order to gain execution.
Why these techniques?

The out-of-bounds write vulnerability enables arbitrary code execution when a user opens a specially crafted malicious file in the vulnerable application, directly mapping to T1204.002: Malicious File under User Execution.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

NVD Description

Substance3D - Sampler versions 4.5.2 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must…

more

open a malicious file.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-24441 is an out-of-bounds write vulnerability (CWE-787) affecting Adobe Substance3D Sampler versions 4.5.2 and earlier. This flaw occurs during the processing of malicious files, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. The vulnerability received a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) and was published on March 11, 2025.

Exploitation requires local access and user interaction, as a victim must open a specially crafted malicious file. An attacker with no privileges can leverage this to achieve full compromise of the affected system, gaining high-impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability effects through code execution under the user's privileges. Common vectors include social engineering tactics like phishing emails or shared files that entice users to load the malicious content in Substance3D Sampler.

Adobe Security Bulletin APSB25-16, available at https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/substance3d-sampler/apsb25-16.html, details mitigation steps, including recommendations to update to a patched version of Substance3D Sampler.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

adobe
substance 3d sampler
≤ 5.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-21306Same product: Adobe Substance 3D Sampler
CVE-2025-24444Same product: Adobe Substance 3D Sampler
CVE-2025-24442Same product: Adobe Substance 3D Sampler
CVE-2025-24445Same product: Adobe Substance 3D Sampler
CVE-2025-24440Same product: Adobe Substance 3D Sampler
CVE-2025-24439Same product: Adobe Substance 3D Sampler
CVE-2025-24443Same product: Adobe Substance 3D Sampler
CVE-2025-21161Same vendor: Adobe
CVE-2025-24451Same vendor: Adobe
CVE-2025-21138Same vendor: Adobe

References