Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-25901

Memory Safety in Tp-Link Tl-Wr841Nd Firmware

Public PoCMemory Safety
Published
13 February 2025
Modified
20 February 2025
CVSS Score v3.1 7.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0050 41th percentile
Risk Priority 58 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-25901 is a high-severity Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787) vulnerability in Tp-Link Tl-Wr841Nd Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked at the 41th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SA-15 (Development Process, Standards, and Tools) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-25901 is a buffer overflow vulnerability (CWE-787) affecting the TP-Link TL-WR841ND V11 router. The issue is triggered by crafted input to the dnsserver1 and dnsserver2 parameters in requests to the /userRpm/WanSlaacCfgRpm.htm endpoint. Published on 2025-02-13, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H), indicating high-impact availability disruption with no confidentiality or integrity effects.

Unauthenticated attackers with network access to the device can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted packet targeting the vulnerable parameters. Successful exploitation leads to a Denial of Service (DoS) condition, potentially causing the router to crash or reboot and interrupting network services.

Further technical details, including exploit reproduction, are documented in the referenced advisory PDF at https://github.com/2664521593/mycve/blob/main/TP-Link/BOF_in_TP-Link_TL-WR841ND-V11_5.pdf. No vendor-specific patches or mitigations are detailed in the provided information.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in TP-Link TL-WR841ND V11, triggered by the dnsserver1 and dnsserver2 parameters at /userRpm/WanSlaacCfgRpm.htm. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted packet.

CWE(s)
CWE-787

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
attack.mitre.org →
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1211 Exploitation for Stealth Stealth
Adversaries may exploit vulnerabilities to evade detection by hiding activity, suppressing logging, or operating within trusted or unmonitored components.
attack.mitre.org →
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-25897Same product: Tp-Link Tl-Wr841Nd
CVE-2025-25898Same product: Tp-Link Tl-Wr841Nd
CVE-2023-46539Same vendor: Tp-Link
CVE-2023-46535Same vendor: Tp-Link
CVE-2023-46526Same vendor: Tp-Link
CVE-2023-46523Same vendor: Tp-Link
CVE-2023-46538Same vendor: Tp-Link
CVE-2023-46520Same vendor: Tp-Link
CVE-2023-46534Same vendor: Tp-Link
CVE-2023-46527Same vendor: Tp-Link

Affected Assets

tp-link
tl-wr841nd firmware
all versions

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and evaluation (including fuzzing and bounds checks) finds out-of-bounds write flaws before deployment.

SA-15 Development Process, Standards, and Tools partial match

Requiring documented secure-development standards and tools can mandate bounds-checked coding practices that avoid the weakness.

SI-10 Information Input Validation partial match

Input validation can structurally reject or sanitize data that would otherwise trigger an out-of-bounds write.

SI-16 Memory Protection partial match

Memory-protection mechanisms limit the exploitability and blast radius of a successful out-of-bounds write.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure-development practices (static analysis, bounds checking, code review) are the primary means of preventing out-of-bounds writes.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning and recording can discover out-of-bounds write flaws so they can be remediated.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching or replacing vulnerable software directly eliminates known instances of this coding weakness.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing in development and acceptance can detect and prevent out-of-bounds write defects.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates practices that prevent out-of-bounds writes.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements can specify bounds-checking and safe memory handling.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure architecture and engineering principles reduce the likelihood of buffer overflows.

A.8.28 Secure coding partial match
prevents

Secure coding directly addresses out-of-bounds writes through language choice and coding standards.

A.8.32 Change management partial match
prevents

Change management can enforce review gates that catch unsafe memory operations before deployment.

References