Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-27479

Microsoft Windows Server 2012 r2

Published
08 April 2025
Modified
08 July 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.020 79th percentile
Risk Priority 76 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-27479 is a high-severity Insufficient Resource Pool (CWE-410) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows Server 2012. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Endpoint Denial of Service (T1499); ranked in the top 21% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SC-6 (Resource Availability) and AC-10 (Concurrent Session Control) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-27479 is an insufficient resource pool vulnerability in the Windows Kerberos component that permits denial of service over a network. The flaw is tracked under CWE-410 and carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.5 reflecting network attack vector, low attack complexity, and no required privileges or user interaction, resulting in high impact to availability while leaving confidentiality and integrity unaffected.

An unauthenticated attacker with network access can send crafted requests that exhaust the Kerberos resource pool, thereby disrupting Kerberos authentication services and causing denial of service to affected Windows systems.

Microsoft has published mitigation guidance in its Security Response Center update guide for this vulnerability.

The EPSS score for the CVE rose from a low baseline to a peak of 0.4150 with a current value of 0.2927, indicating that exploitation interest emerged after disclosure and that the issue warrants renewed attention.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Insufficient resource pool in Windows Kerberos allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1499 Endpoint Denial of Service Impact
Adversaries may perform Endpoint Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of services to users.
T1499.003 Application Exhaustion Flood Impact
Adversaries may target resource intensive features of applications to cause a denial of service (DoS), denying availability to those applications.
T1499.002 Service Exhaustion Flood Impact
Adversaries may target the different network services provided by systems to conduct a denial of service (DoS).
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-21218Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2024-38015Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2024-49129Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2024-43567Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2024-38067Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2024-30019Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2024-43544Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2024-26215Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2024-43541Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2024-43545Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012

Affected Assets

microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2016
≤ 10.0.14393.7969
microsoft
windows server 2019
≤ 10.0.17763.7136
microsoft
windows server 2022
≤ 10.0.20348.3453
microsoft
windows server 2022 23h2
≤ 10.0.25398.1551
microsoft
windows server 2025
≤ 10.0.26100.3775

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 5 hardening rules · 3 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V15.1.3
  • V17.1.2

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SC-6 directly requires allocation of resources by priority or other means to protect availability against demand spikes.

AC-10 limits concurrent sessions per user, structurally capping how much of the pool any single actor can consume.

SC-5 reduces the impact of resource-exhaustion DoS events without addressing pool sizing itself.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.IR-04 full match
prevents

Directly requires maintaining adequate resource capacity to ensure availability, which prevents exhaustion attacks from insufficient pools.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

degrades

Capacity management directly addresses sizing resource pools to handle peak demand and prevent exhaustion.

mitigates

Redundancy of processing facilities mitigates resource exhaustion by providing failover capacity.

prevents

Secure architecture principles include designing adequate resource allocation and limits.

finds

Security testing can detect insufficient resource pools before deployment.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (1 rule)
  • V-248553 OL 8 must be configured so that all network connections associated with SSH traffic are terminated after 10 minutes of becoming unresponsive. prevents CWE-410
Oracle Linux 9 (2 rules)
  • V-271709 OL 9 must be configured so that all network connections associated with SSH traffic terminate after becoming unresponsive. prevents CWE-410
  • V-271710 OL 9 must be configured so that all network connections associated with SSH traffic are terminated after 10 minutes of becoming unresponsive. prevents CWE-410
RHEL 8 (2 rules)
  • V-230244 RHEL 8 must be configured so that all network connections associated with SSH traffic terminate after becoming unresponsive. prevents CWE-410
  • V-244525 RHEL 8 must be configured so that all network connections associated with SSH traffic are terminated after 10 minutes of becoming unresponsive. prevents CWE-410

References