CVE-2025-28035
RCE in Totolink A830R Firmware 4.1.2cu.5182_b20201102
Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HSummary
CVE-2025-28035 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Totolink A830R Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 34% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
TOTOLINK A830R routers running firmware version V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102 contain a pre-authentication remote command execution flaw in the setNoticeCfg function. The vulnerability is triggered through the NoticeUrl parameter and is classified under CWE-78 as an instance of OS command injection. It carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 9.8, reflecting network-accessible exploitation without credentials or user interaction.
An unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted HTTP request to the affected device and execute arbitrary operating-system commands. Successful exploitation grants the attacker full control over the router, including the ability to read or modify configuration data, intercept traffic, or pivot into the local network.
Public references consist of researcher notes hosted on Notion that describe the issue but do not include vendor advisories, firmware updates, or mitigation guidance. The EPSS score rose from lower values after disclosure to a peak of 0.0636 on 2026-02-16 before receding to the current 0.0374, indicating a temporary increase in exploitation interest.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-12207
Vulnerability Data
TOTOLINK A830R V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102 was found to contain a pre-auth remote command execution vulnerability in the setNoticeCfg function through the NoticeUrl parameter.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
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V1.2.5V1.2.8V15.2.5
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Developer testing and evaluation can discover missing or incorrect command sanitization during development.
Input validation directly neutralizes or rejects special characters that would otherwise alter OS command structure.
Least privilege reduces the permissions available to any process that could be subverted by injected commands.
Least functionality restricts available OS commands and interpreters, limiting the blast radius of injection.
Secure engineering principles require proper neutralization of untrusted input before command construction.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.
Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.