CVE-2025-28039
Published: 22 April 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-28039 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Totolink Ex1200T Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).
Operationally, ranked in the top 14.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
Deeper analysis
TOTOLINK EX1200T firmware version V4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713 contains a pre-authentication remote command execution vulnerability in the setUpgradeFW function, triggered through the FileName parameter. The issue is tracked as CVE-2025-28039 with a CVSS 3.1 score of 9.8 and is classified under CWE-78 as an instance of OS command injection.
An unauthenticated attacker with network access can supply a crafted FileName value to the affected endpoint and execute arbitrary operating-system commands on the device. Successful exploitation yields full control over the router, including the ability to read, modify, or delete data and to disrupt device operation.
The EPSS score for this CVE rose from a low baseline to a peak of 0.0748 on 2026-02-16 before receding to its current value of 0.0263, indicating measurable post-disclosure exploitation interest. Public references consist of technical write-ups hosted on a Notion site that describe the vulnerability but do not include vendor patch or mitigation guidance.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-12270
Vulnerability details
TOTOLINK EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713 was found to contain a pre-auth remote command execution vulnerability in the setUpgradeFW function through the FileName parameter.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
No named actor attribution yet. ATT&CK technique mapping in progress for this CVE.
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.