Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-28137

RCE in Totolink A810R Firmware 4.1.2cu.5182_b20201026

Published
15 April 2025
Modified
29 April 2025
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.14 96th percentile
Risk Priority 87 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-28137 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Totolink A810R Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

The TOTOLINK A810R router running firmware version V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201026 contains a pre-authentication remote command execution vulnerability in the setNoticeCfg function. The flaw is triggered through the NoticeUrl parameter and stems from improper handling of user input, corresponding to CWE-78 OS command injection. The issue received a CVSS 3.1 score of 9.8, reflecting network-accessible exploitation without credentials or user interaction.

An unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted HTTP request to the affected device and achieve arbitrary command execution on the underlying operating system. Successful exploitation grants full control over the router, allowing an adversary to read or modify data, install persistent malware, or pivot into the local network.

No vendor advisory or patch information is available in the referenced sources. The EPSS score stands at 0.3232 with no indicated rise from a lower baseline.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

The TOTOLINK A810R V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201026 were found to contain a pre-auth remote command execution vulnerability in the setNoticeCfg function through the NoticeUrl parameter.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-28037Same product: Totolink A810R
CVE-2024-57036Same product: Totolink A810R
CVE-2025-28035Same product: Totolink A810R
CVE-2025-28034Same product: Totolink A810R
CVE-2025-28036Same product: Totolink A810R
CVE-2025-28021Same product: Totolink A810R
CVE-2025-28024Same product: Totolink A810R
CVE-2025-28030Same product: Totolink A810R
CVE-2025-28135Same product: Totolink A810R
CVE-2025-28022Same product: Totolink A810R

Affected Assets

totolink
a810r firmware
4.1.2cu.5182_b20201026

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V15.2.5

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation can discover missing or incorrect command sanitization during development.

Input validation directly neutralizes or rejects special characters that would otherwise alter OS command structure.

Least privilege reduces the permissions available to any process that could be subverted by injected commands.

Least functionality restricts available OS commands and interpreters, limiting the blast radius of injection.

Secure engineering principles require proper neutralization of untrusted input before command construction.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.

References