Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-28037

CriticalPublic PoCRCE

Published: 22 April 2025

Published
22 April 2025
Modified
29 April 2025
KEV Added
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Patch
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CVSS Score v3.1 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0497 89.9th percentile
Risk Priority 23 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-28037 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Totolink A810R Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, ranked in the top 10.1% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis

TOTOLINK A810R V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201026 and A950RG V4.1.2cu.5161_B20200903 contain a pre-authentication remote command execution vulnerability in the setDiagnosisCfg function. The flaw is triggered through the ipDomain parameter and is tracked as CWE-78, reflecting improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command. It received a CVSS 3.1 score of 9.8 with a network attack vector, no authentication, and full impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

An unauthenticated remote attacker can send a crafted HTTP request to the affected device's web interface and execute arbitrary operating-system commands. Successful exploitation grants complete control of the router without any user interaction or prior credentials.

Public references consist of a detailed Notion page describing the vulnerability discovery, but no vendor advisory, firmware patch, or mitigation guidance is referenced in the available sources.

The EPSS score rose from a low baseline to a peak of 0.0748 on 2026-02-16 before receding to the current value of 0.0497, indicating a temporary increase in observed exploitation interest after disclosure.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

TOTOLINK A810R V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201026 and A950RG V4.1.2cu.5161_B20200903 were found to contain a pre-auth remote command execution vulnerability in the setDiagnosisCfg function through the ipDomain parameter.

CWE(s)
CWE-78

Related Threats

No named actor attribution yet. ATT&CK technique mapping in progress for this CVE.

Affected Assets

totolink
a810r firmware
4.1.2cu.5182_b20201026
totolink
a950rg firmware
4.1.2cu.5182_b20201026

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

SC-27 Platform-independent Applications
addresses: CWE-78

Platform-independent apps typically execute inside a managed runtime or sandbox that restricts direct OS command execution, reducing the ability to exploit OS command injection.

SI-10 Information Input Validation
addresses: CWE-78

Validates inputs to block special elements that would alter OS command execution.

References