Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-28361

Memory Safety in Telesquare Tlr-2005Ksh Firmware 1.1.4

Published
26 March 2025
Modified
01 April 2025
CVSS Score v3.1 7.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0043 36th percentile
Risk Priority 58 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-28361 is a high-severity Classic Buffer Overflow (CWE-120) vulnerability in Telesquare Tlr-2005Ksh Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked at the 36th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-28361 is an unauthorized stack overflow vulnerability (CWE-120) affecting Telesquare TLR-2005KSH version 1.1.4. The flaw resides in the systemutil.cgi component, enabling remote attackers to obtain sensitive information. Published on 2025-03-26, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N), indicating high confidentiality impact with no effects on integrity or availability.

A remote attacker requires no privileges or user interaction to exploit this vulnerability over the network with low complexity. Successful exploitation allows disclosure of sensitive information stored on the affected device, potentially exposing configuration data, credentials, or other proprietary details hosted by the Telesquare TLR-2005KSH router.

Advisories reference a GitHub repository at https://github.com/wyq-zzu/excavate/blob/main/2/1.md, which may provide additional technical details, though no specific patches or mitigation steps are detailed in available information.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Unauthorized stack overflow vulnerability in Telesquare TLR-2005KSH v.1.1.4 allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via the systemutil.cgi component.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-26004Same product: Telesquare Tlr-2005Ksh
CVE-2025-26002Same product: Telesquare Tlr-2005Ksh
CVE-2025-26006Same product: Telesquare Tlr-2005Ksh
CVE-2025-26005Same product: Telesquare Tlr-2005Ksh
CVE-2025-26008Same product: Telesquare Tlr-2005Ksh
CVE-2025-26011Same product: Telesquare Tlr-2005Ksh
CVE-2025-26007Same product: Telesquare Tlr-2005Ksh
CVE-2025-9603Same product: Telesquare Tlr-2005Ksh
CVE-2024-29269Same product: Telesquare Tlr-2005Ksh
CVE-2021-45428Same product: Telesquare Tlr-2005Ksh

Affected Assets

telesquare
tlr-2005ksh firmware
1.1.4

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V5.2.1

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and analysis can find missing size checks before deployment.

Input validation directly enforces size checks before buffer copies.

Engineering principles require bounds checking and safe buffer handling in design.

Memory protection limits the impact of an overflow once it occurs.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure development practices directly enforce bounds checking and input validation that prevent classic buffer overflows.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes such as code review or scanning detect classic buffer overflows before exploitation.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching replaces vulnerable code containing unchecked buffer copies with corrected versions.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Secure coding directly requires bounds-checked memory operations, addressing the root cause of CWE-120.

finds

Security testing in development and acceptance can detect buffer overflows through fuzzing and static analysis, though it does not prevent them at the source.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates processes that can include input validation and bounds checking to prevent buffer overflows.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify input-size validation and safe buffer handling to mitigate classic buffer overflows.

prevents

Secure system architecture and engineering principles promote defensive coding patterns that reduce the likelihood of unchecked buffer copies.

References