CVE-2025-28407
Published: 07 April 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-28407 is a high-severity Improper Access Control (CWE-284) vulnerability in Ruoyi Ruoyi. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 17.4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
Deeper analysis
RUoYi version 4.8.0 contains an authorization flaw tracked as CVE-2025-28407 and CWE-284. The edit method at the /edit/{dictId} endpoint fails to verify that an authenticated caller is permitted to modify the supplied dictionary identifier, enabling unauthorized changes to system configuration data.
An attacker who already possesses a low-privileged account can send crafted requests over the network to the affected endpoint. Successful exploitation grants the ability to alter dictionary entries, resulting in full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability as reflected by the CVSS 8.8 vector.
Public references consist of a proof-of-concept repository and the upstream RuoYi project page; neither advisory nor patch information is supplied in the available sources. The associated EPSS score has remained low, moving only from 0.0168 to a peak of 0.0252.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-10356
Vulnerability details
An issue in RUoYi v.4.8.0 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the edit method of the /edit/{dictId} endpoint does not properly validate whether the requesting user has permission to modify the specified dictId
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
The CVE describes a privilege escalation vulnerability via improper authorization validation in a web endpoint, directly enabling exploitation for privilege escalation (T1068).
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
The access control policy and procedures directly mandate and enforce proper access control mechanisms across the organization.
Device lock enforces restricted access until re-authentication, directly reducing unauthorized use of active sessions.
Supervision and review of access control activities directly detects and remediates improper access configurations or usages.
Explicitly identifying and documenting actions permitted without identification or authentication enforces proper access control boundaries by defining justified exceptions.
By automatically labeling outputs with security attributes, the control supports attribute-based enforcement and reduces exploitability of improper access control weaknesses.
Associating and retaining security attributes with data directly supports enforcement of access control decisions across storage, processing, and transmission.
Requiring prior authorization for each remote access type prevents improper access control over remote connections.
Requiring authorization of wireless access before allowing connections enforces proper access control for this access method.