CVE-2025-28880
Published: 26 March 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-28880 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique JavaScript (T1059.007); ranked in the top 38.9% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).
Threat & Defense at a Glance
Threat & Defense Details
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI
Enforces filtering of web page outputs to neutralize untrusted input and prevent reflected XSS execution in the victim's browser.
Validates user inputs at web entry points to reject or sanitize malicious scripts before reflection in page generation.
Requires identification, reporting, and correction of the specific flaw in Blue Captcha plugin versions through 1.7.4 via patching.
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
The reflected XSS vulnerability directly enables arbitrary JavaScript execution in the victim's browser context.
NVD Description
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in jotis Blue Captcha blue-captcha allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Blue Captcha: from n/a through <= 1.7.4.
Deeper analysisAI
CVE-2025-28880 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, classified as Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) under CWE-79, in the jotis Blue Captcha (blue-captcha) WordPress plugin. This issue affects all versions from n/a through 1.7.4 inclusive. The vulnerability was published on 2025-03-26 with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L).
Attackers can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network with low complexity and no required privileges, though it necessitates user interaction such as clicking a malicious link. Upon successful exploitation, arbitrary JavaScript executes in the context of the victim's browser, enabling low-level impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with a changed scope that may affect the security context beyond the targeted user.
The Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/blue-captcha/vulnerability/wordpress-blue-captcha-plugin-1-7-4-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve details the Reflected XSS vulnerability specific to the WordPress Blue Captcha plugin version 1.7.4. Security practitioners should review this reference for recommended mitigations and any available patches or updates.
Details
- CWE(s)