Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-28903

High

Published: 26 March 2025

Published
26 March 2025
Modified
23 April 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0021 42.4th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-28903 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Spearphishing Link (T1566.002); ranked at the 42.4th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Spearphishing Link (T1566.002) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly addresses improper neutralization of input during web page generation by requiring output filtering to prevent reflected XSS payloads from executing in the ddirections WordPress plugin.

prevent

Mandates validation of user-supplied inputs to block malicious scripts before reflection in responses from the vulnerable Driving Directions plugin.

prevent

Ensures timely identification, reporting, and patching of the reflected XSS flaw affecting ddirections plugin versions through 1.4.4.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1566.002 Spearphishing Link Initial Access
Adversaries may send spearphishing emails with a malicious link in an attempt to gain access to victim systems.
T1204.001 Malicious Link Execution
An adversary may rely upon a user clicking a malicious link in order to gain execution.
Why these techniques?

Reflected XSS enables crafting malicious links (T1566.002) that trick users into clicking to execute injected scripts in browser (T1204.001), leading to session theft or further actions.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

NVD Description

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in hectorgarrofe Driving Directions ddirections allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Driving Directions: from n/a through <= 1.4.4.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-28903 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, classified as Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) under CWE-79, in the hectorgarrofe Driving Directions (ddirections) WordPress plugin. This issue affects all versions of the plugin from n/a through 1.4.4, as published on 2025-03-26.

The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L), indicating network accessibility with low attack complexity, no required privileges, and user interaction needed. Remote attackers can exploit it by crafting malicious inputs that reflect XSS payloads in web page generation, tricking authenticated users (such as site visitors or admins) into interacting via a malicious link or input. Exploitation enables limited impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with a changed scope (S:C) allowing cross-origin execution, potentially leading to session token theft or malicious script injection in the victim's browser.

Mitigation details are available in the Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/ddirections/vulnerability/wordpress-driving-directions-plugin-1-4-4-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve, which covers the Reflected XSS in the WordPress Driving Directions plugin version 1.4.4.

Details

CWE(s)

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References