CVE-2025-28911
Published: 26 March 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-28911 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 42.4th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).
Threat & Defense at a Glance
Threat & Defense Details
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI
SI-2 ensures timely flaw remediation by patching the specific reflected XSS vulnerability in Gravity 2 PDF plugin versions <=3.1.3.
SI-15 prevents reflected XSS by filtering malicious input prior to its inclusion in dynamically generated web pages.
SI-10 blocks malicious JavaScript payloads in user inputs to the Gravity 2 PDF plugin, mitigating reflected XSS exploitation.
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Reflected XSS in public-facing WordPress plugin enables arbitrary JS execution in victim's browser, directly facilitating exploitation of public-facing applications (T1190) and browser session hijacking (T1185).
NVD Description
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in gravity2pdf Gravity 2 PDF gf2pdf allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Gravity 2 PDF: from n/a through <= 3.1.3.
Deeper analysisAI
CVE-2025-28911 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, classified as Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) under CWE-79, in the Gravity 2 PDF (gf2pdf) WordPress plugin. This issue affects all versions from n/a through 3.1.3, allowing malicious input to be reflected without proper sanitization during web page generation.
The vulnerability can be exploited by unauthenticated remote attackers (AV:N/PR:N) with low attack complexity (AC:L), though it requires user interaction (UI:R), such as clicking a malicious link. Successful exploitation changes the scope (S:C), enabling arbitrary JavaScript execution in the victim's browser context and resulting in low impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:L/I:L/A:L), as reflected in its CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1.
Advisories, including the Patchstack database entry at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/gf2pdf/vulnerability/wordpress-gravity-2-pdf-plugin-3-1-3-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve, provide further details on the vulnerability in the WordPress Gravity 2 PDF plugin.
Details
- CWE(s)