CVE-2025-30076

HighRCE

Published: 16 March 2025

Published

16 March 2025

Modified

15 April 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 7.7 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

EPSS Score 0.0006 18.7th percentile

Risk Priority 15 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-30076 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Koha Community (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 7.7 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 18.7th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Directly mitigates CVE-2025-30076 by requiring timely identification, reporting, and correction of the command injection flaw through patching to Koha 24.11.02 or later.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Prevents arbitrary command execution by enforcing validation of the report parameter in tools/scheduler.pl to reject shell metacharacters inconsistent with expected format.

AU-12 Audit Record Generation partial match

detect

Generates audit records for scheduler.pl report parameter usage and command executions, enabling identification of anomalous shell metacharacter injections by administrators.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution

Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

Command injection in scheduler.pl enables arbitrary command execution via shell metacharacters for authenticated admins (T1059.004 Unix Shell) and exploitation of a network-accessible application leading to RCE (T1190).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

NVD Description

Koha before 24.11.02 allows admins to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the tools/scheduler.pl report parameter.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-30076 is a command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in Koha, an open-source library management system, affecting versions prior to 24.11.02. The flaw resides in the tools/scheduler.pl script, where shell metacharacters in the report parameter can be leveraged by administrators to execute arbitrary commands. It carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.7 (AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N), indicating high severity due to its potential for significant confidentiality and integrity impacts.

Exploitation targets authenticated administrators with network access to the Koha instance, though it demands high attack complexity. Attackers can inject malicious payloads into the report parameter of the scheduler script, achieving remote code execution on the server hosting Koha. This grants high-level access to execute arbitrary commands, potentially compromising sensitive library data or escalating privileges within the changed scope.

Mitigation involves upgrading to Koha 24.11.02 or later, as indicated by the vulnerability description. The Koha Bugzilla advisory (bug 39170) details the issue and fix, while a proof-of-concept exploit demonstrating the task scheduler RCE is publicly available in a GitHub repository by gl0wyy.