Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-3177

LowPublic PoC

Published: 03 April 2025

Published
03 April 2025
Modified
08 April 2025
KEV Added
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Patch
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CVSS Score v4 2.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0017 38.6th percentile
Risk Priority 5 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-3177 is a low-severity Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key (CWE-321) vulnerability in Fastcms Project Fastcms. Its CVSS base score is 2.3 (Low).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Valid Accounts (T1078); ranked at the 38.6th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

A vulnerability was found in FastCMS 0.1.5. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component JWT Handler. The manipulation leads to use of hard-coded cryptographic key . The attack can be initiated remotely. The…

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complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

CWE(s)
CWE-320CWE-321NVD-CWE-Other

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1078 Valid Accounts Stealth
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.
attack.mitre.org →
T1134 Access Token Manipulation Stealth
Adversaries may modify access tokens to operate under a different user or system security context to perform actions and bypass access controls.
attack.mitre.org →
T1550.001 Application Access Token Lateral Movement
Adversaries may use stolen application access tokens to bypass the typical authentication process and access restricted accounts, information, or services on remote systems.
attack.mitre.org →
T1600.001 Reduce Key Space Defense Impairment
Adversaries may reduce the level of effort required to decrypt data transmitted over the network by reducing the cipher strength of encrypted communications.
attack.mitre.org →
T1606 Forge Web Credentials Credential Access
Adversaries may forge credential materials that can be used to gain access to web applications or Internet services.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

Hard-coded JWT key allows forging authentication tokens for impersonating users/accounts (T1078, T1134, T1550.001, T1606) and weakens encryption by reducing key space to a known value (T1600.001).

Affected Assets

fastcms project
fastcms
0.1.5

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

SA-12 Supply Chain Protection
addresses: CWE-321

Supply chain protection includes scrutiny of cryptographic implementations, reducing hard-coded keys planted by untrusted vendors.

SA-4 Acquisition Process
addresses: CWE-321

Functional and assurance requirements specified in acquisition can prohibit hard-coded cryptographic keys in delivered products.

SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management
addresses: CWE-321

Proper key establishment and management processes directly preclude embedding static cryptographic keys in source code or binaries.

SC-17 Public Key Infrastructure Certificates
addresses: CWE-321

Approved PKI issuance and trust stores replace ad-hoc or hard-coded keys with properly managed, signed certificates.

SR-6 Supplier Assessments and Reviews
addresses: CWE-321

Assessments can uncover and prevent suppliers from shipping components that contain hard-coded cryptographic keys.

References