CVE-2025-33051
Published: 12 August 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-33051 is a high-severity Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor (CWE-200) vulnerability in Microsoft Exchange Server. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).
Operationally, ranked in the top 9.2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Deeper analysis
CVE-2025-33051 is an information disclosure vulnerability affecting Microsoft Exchange Server. The flaw stems from exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor and is tracked under CWE-200, carrying a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.5 with network attack vector, low complexity, and no required privileges or user interaction.
An unauthenticated attacker can exploit the issue remotely over a network to obtain sensitive data from the affected Exchange Server instance. The attack requires no authentication or user interaction, enabling direct information disclosure.
The associated Microsoft Security Response Center advisory at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-33051 is the primary reference for official details. EPSS remains flat at 0.0588 with no material increase observed since disclosure.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-24374
Vulnerability details
Exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor in Microsoft Exchange Server allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
No named actor attribution yet. ATT&CK technique mapping in progress for this CVE.
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
Automated marking applies security attributes to system outputs, making it harder for attackers to exploit unmarked sensitive information leading to unauthorized exposure.
Proper attribute retention and permitted-value enforcement limits unauthorized actors from accessing sensitive information lacking correct labels.
Prevents unauthorized exposure of sensitive information by prohibiting untrusted external systems from processing or storing it.
By enforcing authorization matching prior to sharing, the control reduces the risk of exposing sensitive information to unauthorized actors.
Review and removal of nonpublic information from publicly accessible systems directly prevents exposure of sensitive data to unauthorized actors.
Data mining protection mechanisms detect and block unauthorized bulk extraction of sensitive data, directly mitigating exposure to unauthorized actors.
Literacy training teaches users to recognize and avoid actions that result in unauthorized exposure of sensitive information.
Retaining and monitoring training records confirms personnel have completed privacy and security awareness training on handling sensitive data, reducing the chance of unauthorized exposure due to lack of knowledge.