CVE-2025-34186
Published: 16 September 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-34186 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Ilevia Eve X1 Server Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.3 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 28.7% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation).
Deeper analysis
Ilevia EVE X1/X5 Server versions up to and including 4.7.18.0.eden contain an authentication bypass vulnerability stemming from unsanitized user input passed directly to a system() call. The affected binary treats any non-zero exit status from that call as successful authentication, enabling command injection via CWE-78 and improper authentication handling under CWE-287. The flaw is remotely reachable without credentials or user interaction.
Unauthenticated attackers can supply crafted input over the network to bypass the login mechanism entirely and obtain full administrative access to the server. The CVSS 9.3 rating reflects the combination of network attack vector, low complexity, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
EPSS for the CVE rose from a low baseline to a peak of 0.0167 on 2026-02-24 before receding to the current value of 0.0065, indicating a measurable increase in exploitation interest after public disclosure. Public references, including detailed technical write-ups from Zero Science and VulnCheck, provide further context on the issue.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-29645
Vulnerability details
Ilevia EVE X1/X5 Server version ≤ 4.7.18.0.eden contains a vulnerability in its authentication mechanism. Unsanitized input is passed to a system() call for authentication, allowing attackers to inject special characters and manipulate command parsing. Because the binary interprets non-zero exit…
more
codes from system() as successful authentication, remote attackers can bypass authentication and gain full access to the system.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Direct unauthenticated OS command injection (CWE-78) in a remotely exposed authentication endpoint enables initial access via public-facing application exploitation (T1190) and arbitrary Unix shell command execution (T1059.004).
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Directly requires validation and sanitization of all input before it is passed to system() or other external calls, blocking the command-injection vector.
Enforces that authentication decisions must be based on correct, reliable results rather than any non-zero exit code from an injected command.
Requires the system to perform identification and authentication using mechanisms that cannot be trivially bypassed by malformed input or exit-code manipulation.