CVE-2025-34186
Published: 16 September 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-34186 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Ilevia Eve X1 Server Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 26.2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 IA-8 (Identification and Authentication (Non-organizational Users)) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation).
Threat & Defense at a Glance
Threat & Defense Details
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI
Validates and sanitizes unsanitized user input passed directly to the system() call in the authentication mechanism, preventing command injection exploitation.
Requires unique identification and authentication for non-organizational users, directly countering the improper authentication logic that treats non-zero exit codes as successful.
Mandates timely remediation of the specific flaw in the authentication mechanism via identification, reporting, correction, and testing of patches.
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Direct unauthenticated OS command injection (CWE-78) in a remotely exposed authentication endpoint enables initial access via public-facing application exploitation (T1190) and arbitrary Unix shell command execution (T1059.004).
NVD Description
Ilevia EVE X1/X5 Server version ≤ 4.7.18.0.eden contains a vulnerability in its authentication mechanism. Unsanitized input is passed to a system() call for authentication, allowing attackers to inject special characters and manipulate command parsing. Due to the binary's interpretation of…
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non-zero exit codes as successful authentication, remote attackers can bypass authentication and gain full access to the system.
Deeper analysisAI
CVE-2025-34186 affects the Ilevia EVE X1/X5 Server in versions up to 4.7.18.0.eden, specifically within its authentication mechanism. The flaw stems from unsanitized user input being passed directly to a system() call, enabling command injection through special characters that manipulate command parsing. Compounding this, the binary interprets any non-zero exit code from the executed command as successful authentication, rated at CVSS 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) and linked to CWE-78 (OS Command Injection) and CWE-287 (Improper Authentication).
Remote attackers require no privileges or user interaction to exploit this vulnerability over the network. By crafting malicious input that injects commands resulting in a non-zero exit code, they can fully bypass authentication and obtain complete system access, potentially leading to high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts.
Advisories detailing the issue are available from sources including VulnCheck, Zero Science Labs (ZSL-2025-5958), and PacketStorm, with the vendor site at ilevia.com listed as a reference; practitioners should consult these for any recommended patches or workarounds, as no specific mitigation details are outlined in the core CVE description.
Details
- CWE(s)