CVE-2025-34187
Published: 16 September 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-34187 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Ilevia Eve X1 Server Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Sudo and Sudo Caching (T1548.003); ranked in the top 19.4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 AC-6 (Least Privilege) and CM-6 (Configuration Settings).
Threat & Defense at a Glance
Threat & Defense Details
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI
Enforces least privilege by restricting sudo to essential commands with authentication, directly mitigating passwordless root execution of vulnerable scripts.
Mandates secure configuration of sudoers file and script permissions to prevent misconfigurations allowing low-privileged web users to write or replace scripts.
Prohibits nonessential sudo capabilities and rules, eliminating unnecessary passwordless script executions that enable privilege escalation.
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Sudoers misconfiguration enables passwordless root execution of writable Bash scripts (T1548.003); command injection path via scripts maps to Unix shell abuse (T1059.004).
NVD Description
Ilevia EVE X1/X5 Server version ≤ 4.7.18.0.eden contains a misconfiguration in the sudoers file that allows passwordless execution of certain Bash scripts. If these scripts are writable by web-facing users or accessible via command injection, attackers can replace them with…
more
malicious payloads. Execution with sudo grants full root access, resulting in remote privilege escalation and potential system compromise.
Deeper analysisAI
CVE-2025-34187 is a privilege escalation vulnerability in the Ilevia EVE X1/X5 Server, affecting versions up to 4.7.18.0.eden. It arises from a misconfiguration in the sudoers file that allows passwordless execution of certain Bash scripts via sudo. If these scripts are writable by web-facing users or accessible through command injection, attackers can replace them with malicious payloads, enabling execution with root privileges.
The vulnerability has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high severity with network accessibility, low attack complexity, and low privileges required. An attacker with initial low-privileged access, such as a web-facing account, can exploit this by overwriting the vulnerable scripts, triggering their sudo execution to gain full root access. This results in remote privilege escalation and potential complete system compromise. It maps to CWE-78 (OS Command Injection) and CWE-269 (Improper Privilege Management).
Advisories published around September 16, 2025, provide further details on exploitation and mitigation. Resources include VulnCheck (https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ilevia-eve-x1-x5-server-reverse-rootshell), Zero Science (https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2025-5959.php), and PacketStorm (https://packetstorm.news/files/id/209226/), along with the vendor site (https://www.ilevia.com/). Security practitioners should review these for patch availability, configuration hardening, or workaround guidance to address the sudoers misconfiguration.
Details
- CWE(s)