Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-39468

High

Published: 06 November 2025

Published
06 November 2025
Modified
27 April 2026
KEV Added
—
Patch
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CVSS Score v3.1 8.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0038 60.1th percentile
Risk Priority 16 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-39468 is a high-severity PHP Remote File Inclusion (CWE-98) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 8.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 39.9% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 RA-5 (Vulnerability Monitoring and Scanning) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-39468 is an Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program vulnerability, classified as PHP Remote File Inclusion (CWE-98), in the pantherius Modal Survey WordPress plugin. This issue affects Modal Survey versions from n/a through 2.0.2.0.1. Published on 2025-11-06, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.1 (High), reflecting network accessibility with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts.

The vulnerability enables exploitation by unauthenticated remote attackers (AV:N/PR:N/UI:N), though it requires high attack complexity (AC:H) with unchanged scope (S:U). Successful attacks can lead to high-level compromise, including potential remote code execution, arbitrary file inclusion, data disclosure, modification, or denial of service (C:H/I:H/A:H).

Mitigation details are available in the Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/modal-survey/vulnerability/wordpress-modal-survey-plugin-2-0-2-0-1-local-file-inclusion-vulnerability?_s_id=cve.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in pantherius Modal Survey modal-survey.This issue affects Modal Survey: from n/a through <= 2.0.2.0.1.

CWE(s)
CWE-98

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

The vulnerability is a Remote File Inclusion (RFI) in a public-facing WordPress plugin, enabling unauthenticated remote code execution, directly mapping to exploitation of public-facing applications.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-28087Shared CWE-98
CVE-2025-23952Shared CWE-98
CVE-2026-32505Shared CWE-98
CVE-2025-48149Shared CWE-98
CVE-2025-60058Shared CWE-98
CVE-2025-49994Shared CWE-98
CVE-2026-24531Shared CWE-98
CVE-2025-67527Shared CWE-98
CVE-2025-69396Shared CWE-98
CVE-2025-62067Shared CWE-98

Affected Assets

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match
preventdetect

Directly requires identification, reporting, and timely remediation of flaws like CVE-2025-39468 through patching the vulnerable Modal Survey WordPress plugin.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match
prevent

Mandates validation of information inputs such as user-supplied filenames at application interfaces to block arbitrary or remote file inclusion in PHP include/require statements.

RA-5 Vulnerability Monitoring and Scanning good match
preventdetect

Requires vulnerability scanning to identify and remediate specific issues like CVE-2025-39468 in the Modal Survey plugin before exploitation.

References