CVE-2025-41684

HighRCE

Published: 23 July 2025

Published

23 July 2025

Modified

15 April 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score v3.1 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0091 76.2th percentile

Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-41684 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Certvde (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 23.8% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-41684 is an OS command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) stemming from improper sanitization of user input in the Main Web Interface, specifically the tls_iotgen_setting endpoint. Published on 2025-07-23, it affects devices exposing this web interface and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

An authenticated remote attacker with low privileges can exploit the vulnerability over the network with low complexity and no user interaction. Successful exploitation enables execution of arbitrary commands with root privileges on the affected device.

The advisory VDE-2025-052 from CERT VDE provides further details on mitigation at https://certvde.com/de/advisories/VDE-2025-052.

EU & UK References

🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-22435

Vulnerability details

An authenticated remote attacker can execute arbitrary commands with root privileges on affected devices due to lack of improper sanitizing of user input in the Main Web Interface (endpoint tls_iotgen_setting).

CWE(s): CWE-78

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution

Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

OS command injection in exposed web interface (tls_iotgen_setting) directly enables remote exploitation of a public-facing application and arbitrary OS command execution as root.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1