Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HCVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.
Summary
CVE-2025-44880 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Wavlink Wl-Wn579A3 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 23% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
A command injection vulnerability tracked as CVE-2025-44880 affects the /cgi-bin/adm.cgi component in the Wavlink WL-WN579A3 wireless router running firmware version 1.0. The flaw, assigned CWE-78, permits unauthenticated remote attackers to supply crafted input that results in execution of arbitrary operating system commands. It carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8, reflecting network attack vector, low complexity, and no required privileges or user interaction, with full impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
An attacker with network reachability to the device can send a malicious HTTP request directly to the adm.cgi endpoint and obtain command execution. Successful exploitation grants the attacker the ability to run any command supported by the underlying system, enabling actions such as configuration changes, data exfiltration, or deployment of persistent malware without authentication.
The sole reference is a technical disclosure that demonstrates the remote command execution path through the affected CGI script; no vendor advisory or firmware patch addressing mitigation steps is included in the available information. The associated EPSS score of 0.1446 has remained stable at its observed peak, indicating moderate and steady exploitation interest since publication.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-15967
Vulnerability Data
A command injection vulnerability in the component /cgi-bin/adm.cgi of Wavlink WL-WN579A3 v1.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted input.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
—
—
—
V1.2.5V1.2.8V15.2.5
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Developer testing and evaluation can discover missing or incorrect command sanitization during development.
Input validation directly neutralizes or rejects special characters that would otherwise alter OS command structure.
Least privilege reduces the permissions available to any process that could be subverted by injected commands.
Least functionality restricts available OS commands and interpreters, limiting the blast radius of injection.
Secure engineering principles require proper neutralization of untrusted input before command construction.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.
Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.