Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-45466

HighPublic PoC

Published: 25 July 2025

Published
25 July 2025
Modified
12 January 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0009 26.1th percentile
Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-45466 is a high-severity Use of Hard-coded Credentials (CWE-798) vulnerability in Unitree Go1 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique SSH (T1021.004); ranked at the 26.1th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Unitree Go1 <= Go1_2022_05_11 is vulnerale to Incorrect Access Control due to authentication credentials being hardcoded in plaintext.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1021.004 SSH Lateral Movement
Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
T1078.001 Default Accounts Stealth
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a default account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.
Why these techniques?

Hardcoded plaintext root credentials enable use of default local accounts (T1078.001) for remote access via SSH (T1021.004), allowing command execution in a Unix shell (T1059.004) with root privileges.

MITRE ATLAS TechniquesAI

MITRE ATLAS techniques

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Affected Assets

unitree
go1 firmware
all versions

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-798

Enables users to notice when hard-coded credentials have been exploited for unauthorized access.

addresses: CWE-798

Security training explicitly warns against hard-coded credentials, lowering their use in systems.

addresses: CWE-798

Policy and procedures prohibit hard-coded credentials in favor of managed authentication.

addresses: CWE-798

External identity providers eliminate the need for hard-coded credentials in applications.

addresses: CWE-798

Changing default authenticators prior to first use and protecting content prevents use of hard-coded credentials.

addresses: CWE-798

Central credential stores and rotation policies remove the need for hard-coded credentials in configuration files or code.

addresses: CWE-798

Intelligence programs surface reports of campaigns that abuse hard-coded credentials in products, prompting removal or replacement and thereby reducing successful exploitation.

addresses: CWE-798

Planned investment enables secure credential storage and management systems instead of hard-coded credentials.

References