CVE-2025-46581

CriticalRCE

Published: 14 October 2025

Published

14 October 2025

Modified

15 April 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0025 48.4th percentile

Risk Priority 20 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-46581 is a critical-severity Code Injection (CWE-94) vulnerability in Com (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 48.4th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190). What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Directly requires timely remediation of identified flaws, such as patching the Apache Struts RCE vulnerability in ZTE ZXCDN to prevent exploitation.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Mandates validation of information inputs to block code injection attacks like CWE-94 enabling this unauthenticated RCE.

SC-7 Boundary Protection partial match

preventdetect

Provides boundary protection mechanisms, such as WAFs, to monitor and block remote exploit attempts targeting this network-accessible RCE.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

CVE-2025-46581 is a critical unauthenticated RCE vulnerability in Apache Struts within ZTE's public-facing ZXCDN product, directly enabling exploitation of a public-facing application.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

NVD Description

ZTE's ZXCDN product is affected by a Struts remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker can remotely execute commands with non-root privileges.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-46581 is a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability affecting ZTE's ZXCDN product, caused by a flaw in Apache Struts. Published on 2025-10-14, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) and maps to CWE-94 (Code Injection). The issue allows arbitrary command execution on impacted ZXCDN instances.

An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network with low attack complexity and no user interaction. Successful exploitation enables the execution of commands with non-root privileges, potentially leading to high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts.

ZTE has issued a security bulletin providing details on the vulnerability at https://support.zte.com.cn/zte-iccp-isupport-webui/bulletin/detail/3747693852734546826, which security practitioners should consult for mitigation and patching guidance.