Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-5228

HighPublic PoC

Published: 27 May 2025

Published
27 May 2025
Modified
15 July 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v4 8.7 CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0162 82.2th percentile
Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-5228 is a high-severity Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (CWE-119) vulnerability in Dlink Di-8100 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 8.7 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation of Remote Services (T1210); ranked in the top 17.8% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis

A vulnerability classified as critical was found in D-Link DI-8100 firmware up to 20250523. It resides in the httpd_get_parm function of the /login.cgi file within the jhttpd component, where improper handling of the notify argument triggers a stack-based buffer overflow, corresponding to CWE-119 and CWE-121.

The flaw can be exploited by unauthenticated attackers located on the local network, who may leverage a publicly disclosed proof-of-concept to achieve high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability without requiring user interaction. The CVSS 4.0 vector reflects an adjacent-network attack with low complexity and no privileges needed.

No vendor advisory or patch details are provided in the references, which include a GitHub report, VulDB entries, and the D-Link site. The EPSS score remains flat at 0.0162 with no observed rise after disclosure.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

A vulnerability was found in D-Link DI-8100 up to 20250523. It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function httpd_get_parm of the file /login.cgi of the component jhttpd. The manipulation of the argument notify leads to stack-based buffer overflow.…

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The attack can only be initiated within the local network. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
Why these techniques?

Unauthenticated stack-based buffer overflow in the router's jhttpd /login.cgi enables exploitation of remote services (T1210) and application exploitation for endpoint denial of service (T1499.004).

Affected Assets

dlink
di-8100 firmware
≤ 20250523

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-119

Ongoing control assessments and code testing (static/dynamic analysis, fuzzing) surface memory buffer restriction failures, which are then remediated before release.

addresses: CWE-119

Managed runtimes used by platform-independent applications (e.g., JVM, CLR) enforce memory safety, preventing most buffer overflows that require direct memory manipulation.

addresses: CWE-119

Memory protections (e.g., W^X, ASLR) make exploitation of buffer-boundary violations far harder to turn into code execution.

addresses: CWE-119

Detects exploitation attempts that produce memory corruption, crashes, or anomalous behavior.

References