Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-4544

HighPublic PoC

Published: 11 May 2025

Published
11 May 2025
Modified
22 May 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v4 7.5 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0127 79.9th percentile
Risk Priority 16 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-4544 is a high-severity Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (CWE-119) vulnerability in Dlink Di-8100 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation of Remote Services (T1210); ranked in the top 20.1% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-4544 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability affecting the D-Link DI-8100 router in firmware versions up to 16.07.26A1. It exists in the jhttpd component when processing the /ddos.asp file and is triggered by unsanitized input to the def_max, def_time, def_tcp_max, def_tcp_time, def_udp_max, def_udp_time, and def_icmp_max parameters. The issue is tracked under CWE-119, CWE-121, and CWE-787 and carries a CVSS 4.0 score of 7.5 reflecting network attack vector, high attack complexity, and high-privileged access requirements.

An authenticated administrator can exploit the flaw remotely by supplying crafted values to the affected parameters, resulting in memory corruption that may allow arbitrary code execution or denial of service on the device. The attack is rated as difficult due to the high complexity and the need for administrative credentials.

Public references consist of a technical report published on GitHub, multiple VulDB entries, and the vendor website; no official patch or mitigation guidance is detailed in the available sources. The EPSS score has remained flat at 0.0127 with no material rise since publication.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

A vulnerability was found in D-Link DI-8100 up to 16.07.26A1 and classified as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /ddos.asp of the component jhttpd. The manipulation of the argument def_max/def_time/def_tcp_max/def_tcp_time/def_udp_max/def_udp_time/def_icmp_max leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The…

more

attack may be initiated remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
Why these techniques?

Stack-based buffer overflow in the jhttpd /ddos.asp endpoint enables remote authenticated exploitation for potential RCE (T1210) or DoS via application crash (T1499.004).

Affected Assets

dlink
di-8100 firmware
≤ 16.07.26a1

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-119 CWE-787

Memory protections (e.g., W^X, ASLR) make exploitation of buffer-boundary violations far harder to turn into code execution.

addresses: CWE-119

Ongoing control assessments and code testing (static/dynamic analysis, fuzzing) surface memory buffer restriction failures, which are then remediated before release.

addresses: CWE-119

Managed runtimes used by platform-independent applications (e.g., JVM, CLR) enforce memory safety, preventing most buffer overflows that require direct memory manipulation.

addresses: CWE-119

Detects exploitation attempts that produce memory corruption, crashes, or anomalous behavior.

References