CVE-2025-56819

CriticalRCE

Published: 24 September 2025

Published

24 September 2025

Modified

10 October 2025

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.1182 93.8th percentile

Risk Priority 27 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-56819 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Running-Elephant Datart. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 6.2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 CM-7 (Least Functionality) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190). What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Directly prevents OS command injection by validating and sanitizing untrusted inputs like the INIT connection parameter in Datart.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Requires timely flaw remediation to patch the specific command injection vulnerability in Datart v1.0.0-rc.3.

CM-7 Least Functionality good match

prevent

Enforces least functionality to disable unnecessary and risky features like H2 Database's INIT RUNSCRIPT capability exploited in this CVE.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

The vulnerability enables remote code execution via a crafted 'INIT' parameter in a JDBC URL sent to the unauthenticated /api/v1/data-provider/test endpoint of the public-facing Datart web application.

NVD Description

An issue in Datart v.1.0.0-rc.3 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the INIT connection parameter.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-56819, published on 2025-09-24, is a critical vulnerability (CVSS 9.8, CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) classified as CWE-78 (OS Command Injection) in Datart version 1.0.0-rc.3. The issue enables a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code by abusing the INIT connection parameter.

Any remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability over the network without authentication, privileges, or user interaction, due to its low attack complexity. Successful exploitation grants arbitrary code execution, resulting in high-impact compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability on the affected system.

References provided include the H2 Database GitHub repository (https://github.com/h2database/h2database), a CVE-specific repository (https://github.com/xyyzxc/CVE-2025-56819), and H2 documentation on the RUNSCRIPT feature via the INIT parameter (https://h2database.com/html/features.html#runscript), which likely relate to the underlying mechanism and potential mitigation details in advisories or patches.