CVE-2025-57516

HighPublic PoCRCE

Published: 29 September 2025

Published

29 September 2025

Modified

23 December 2025

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 8.2 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N

EPSS Score 0.0255 85.6th percentile

Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-57516 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Publiccms Publiccms. Its CVSS base score is 8.2 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 14.4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Directly prevents OS command injection by implementing input validation mechanisms on DATABASE, USERNAME, and PASSWORD variables before they are used in backupDB.bat system commands.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Ensures timely identification, reporting, and correction of the specific OS command injection flaw in PublicCMS backupDB.bat.

SI-9 Information Input Restrictions partial match

prevent

Enforces restrictions on input types, lengths, and formats at system boundaries to block malicious payloads targeting the vulnerable backupDB.bat parameters.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution

Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

OS command injection in public-facing backupDB.bat endpoint enables remote unauthenticated arbitrary command execution via Windows Command Shell.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

OS Command injection vulnerability in PublicCMS PublicCMS-V5.202506.a, and PublicCMS-V5.202506.b allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via crafted DATABASE, USERNAME, or PASSWORD variables to the backupDB.bat file.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-57516 is an OS command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in PublicCMS versions V5.202506.a and V5.202506.b. The vulnerability affects the backupDB.bat file, where attackers can execute arbitrary commands by supplying crafted values for the DATABASE, USERNAME, or PASSWORD variables. Published on 2025-09-29, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.2 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N), highlighting its high severity due to network accessibility, low attack complexity, and lack of prerequisites like privileges or user interaction.

Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability by targeting the affected backupDB.bat endpoint with malicious parameter values. Successful exploitation enables arbitrary OS command execution on the server, resulting in high integrity impact such as data alteration or further compromise, limited confidentiality loss, and no availability disruption.

Mitigation details are available in the referenced advisory at https://github.com/sanluan/PublicCMS/issues/97.