CVE-2025-5901
Published: 09 June 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-5901 is a high-severity Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (CWE-119) vulnerability in Totolink T10 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 7.4 (High).
Operationally, ranked in the top 19.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
Deeper analysis
A buffer overflow vulnerability classified under CWE-119 and CWE-120 affects the UploadCustomModule function within the /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi file of the POST Request Handler component in TOTOLINK T10 firmware version 4.1.8cu.5207. The flaw arises from improper bounds checking on the File argument supplied in HTTP POST requests, resulting in a CVSS 4.0 score of 7.4 that reflects high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability when exploited over the network.
An authenticated remote attacker can trigger the overflow by submitting a specially crafted POST request to the affected endpoint, enabling arbitrary code execution or a crash of the device. Public disclosure of exploit code increases the likelihood that the issue could be leveraged against exposed devices without requiring user interaction or elevated privileges beyond a valid session.
The referenced sources, including VulDB entries and a detailed Notion report, provide technical reproduction steps but do not describe vendor patches or configuration mitigations at the time of publication. The associated EPSS score remains low and stable near 0.014, with no material increase observed after disclosure.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-17591
Vulnerability details
A vulnerability has been found in TOTOLINK T10 4.1.8cu.5207 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects the function UploadCustomModule of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument File leads to buffer overflow. The…
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attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
No named actor attribution yet. ATT&CK technique mapping in progress for this CVE.
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
Managed runtimes used by platform-independent applications (e.g., JVM, CLR) enforce memory safety, preventing most buffer overflows that require direct memory manipulation.
Ongoing control assessments and code testing (static/dynamic analysis, fuzzing) surface memory buffer restriction failures, which are then remediated before release.
Memory protections (e.g., W^X, ASLR) make exploitation of buffer-boundary violations far harder to turn into code execution.
Detects exploitation attempts that produce memory corruption, crashes, or anomalous behavior.