CVE-2025-59410
Linuxfoundation Dragonfly ≤ 2.1.0
Raw vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:XSummary
CVE-2025-59410 is a medium-severity Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data (CWE-311) vulnerability in Linuxfoundation Dragonfly. Its CVSS base score is 5.5 (Medium).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Adversary-in-the-Middle (T1557); ranked at the 3th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SC-13 (Cryptographic Protection) and SC-8 (Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-29765
Vulnerability Data
Dragonfly is an open source P2P-based file distribution and image acceleration system. Prior to 2.1.0, the code in the scheduler for downloading a tiny file is hard coded to use the HTTP protocol, rather than HTTPS. This means that an…
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attacker could perform a Man-in-the-Middle attack, changing the network request so that a different piece of data gets downloaded. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.1.0.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
The vulnerability enables a Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack due to hard-coded HTTP usage for tiny file downloads in the P2P system, allowing attackers to intercept and modify network traffic to deliver malicious data.
MITRE ATLAS TechniquesAI
MITRE ATLAS techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Directly requires cryptographic mechanisms to protect the confidentiality and integrity of transmitted files, eliminating the hardcoded HTTP MITM exposure described in the CVE.
Mandates the use of organization-defined cryptography for data in transit, which would have prevented the scheduler from defaulting to unencrypted HTTP.
Requires protection of session authenticity during network exchanges, addressing the MITM risk when tiny-file downloads occur over HTTP.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
PR.DS-01 directly mandates encryption for data-at-rest and therefore prevents CWE-311 mostly for storage, yet the weakness also spans transmission and other contexts that this single at-rest control leaves unaddressed.
PR.DS-02 directly eliminates the transmission facet of CWE-311 via mandatory encryption but leaves the storage facet untouched, so each direction rates only partial.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Explicit rules requiring encryption for sensitive information in transit eliminate the weakness of sending data without cryptographic protection.
Explicitly calling for protection of data in transit and at rest, plus secure encryption of communications, drives the implementation of encryption that prevents clear-text exposure of sensitive information.