CVE-2025-64126

CriticalRCE

Published: 26 November 2025

Published

26 November 2025

Modified

15 April 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 10.0 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0832 92.4th percentile

Risk Priority 25 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-64126 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Zenitel (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 10.0 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 7.6% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Directly requires validation of user-supplied inputs expected to be IP addresses, preventing OS command injection from unverified parameters.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Mandates identification, reporting, and correction of the specific flaw in input validation, enabling patching or firmware updates to eliminate the vulnerability.

SI-9 Information Input Restrictions partial match

prevent

Enforces restrictions on input types and formats at system boundaries, blocking malicious characters in IP address parameters before they reach command execution.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution

Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

Unauthenticated remote OS command injection in a public-facing application enables exploitation of public-facing apps (T1190) and arbitrary command execution via scripting interpreters (T1059).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

NVD Description

An OS command injection vulnerability exists due to improper input validation. The application accepts a parameter directly from user input without verifying it is a valid IP address or filtering potentially malicious characters. This could allow an unauthenticated attacker to…

inject arbitrary commands.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-64126 is an OS command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) caused by improper input validation in an application. The flaw arises when a user-supplied parameter, expected to be a valid IP address, is accepted directly without verification or filtering of potentially malicious characters. This affects software components outlined in CISA ICS Advisory ICSA-25-329-03, with related firmware details available on the Zenitel wiki for the Station and Device Firmware Package (VS-IS). The vulnerability has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 10.0 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating critical severity.

An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network with low complexity and no privileges required. By crafting a malicious input for the vulnerable parameter, the attacker can inject and execute arbitrary operating system commands on the affected system, potentially achieving full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts with scope expansion.

CISA ICS Advisory ICSA-25-329-03, along with the corresponding CSAF JSON file on GitHub and Zenitel's firmware download page, provide mitigation details. Security practitioners should consult these resources for patch availability, firmware updates, and additional vendor-recommended workarounds to address the vulnerability.