Security Resilience

CVE-2025-7089

Memory Safety in Belkin F9K1122 Firmware 1.00.33

Public PoCMemory Safety
Published
06 July 2025
Modified
17 June 2026
CVSS Score v4 7.4
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.068 94th percentile
Risk Priority 44 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2025-7089 is a high-severity Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (CWE-119) vulnerability in Belkin F9K1122 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 7.4 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Compromise Infrastructure (T1584); ranked in the top 6% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-7089 and also referenced under CWE-119 and CWE-121, affects the Belkin F9K1122 router running firmware 1.00.33. It resides in the formWanTcpipSetup function of the /goform/formWanTcpipSetup endpoint within the webs component, where unsanitized input to the pppUserName argument can overwrite the stack.

An authenticated remote attacker can trigger the flaw by submitting a crafted HTTP request to the management interface, leading to arbitrary code execution, privilege escalation, or a crash of the affected process. The attack requires no user interaction beyond valid credentials and can be launched over the network.

Public references, including a detailed disclosure and proof-of-concept on GitHub along with entries on VulDB, confirm the issue and note that the vendor was notified but provided no response or patch. No official mitigation guidance is available from the vendor.

The EPSS score remains flat at 0.0116 with no material rise after disclosure, and no reports of in-the-wild exploitation have been observed.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A vulnerability was found in Belkin F9K1122 1.00.33 and classified as critical. This issue affects the function formWanTcpipSetup of the file /goform/formWanTcpipSetup of the component webs. The manipulation of the argument pppUserName leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may…

more

be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

CWE(s)
CWE-119CWE-121

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1584 Compromise Infrastructure Resource Development
Adversaries may compromise third-party infrastructure that can be used during targeting.
attack.mitre.org →
T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
attack.mitre.org →
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
attack.mitre.org →
T1189 Drive-by Compromise Initial Access
Adversaries may gain access to a system through a user visiting a website over the normal course of browsing.
attack.mitre.org →
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-7090Same product: Belkin F9K1122
CVE-2025-7085Same product: Belkin F9K1122
CVE-2025-7087Same product: Belkin F9K1122
CVE-2025-7088Same product: Belkin F9K1122
CVE-2025-7084Same product: Belkin F9K1122
CVE-2026-5608Same product: Belkin F9K1122
CVE-2025-7093Same product: Belkin F9K1122
CVE-2025-7094Same product: Belkin F9K1122
CVE-2025-7086Same product: Belkin F9K1122
CVE-2025-7092Same product: Belkin F9K1122

Affected Assets

belkin
f9k1122 firmware
1.00.33

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 2 hardening rules · 2 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

—

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and analysis can discover stack-buffer overflows before deployment.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

Input validation directly stops untrusted data from exceeding stack buffer bounds.

SI-16 Memory Protection good match

Memory-protection mechanisms limit the ability to execute injected code after a stack overflow.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Secure engineering principles require memory-safe design and coding that structurally avoids buffer-boundary violations.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
blocks

Secure-development practices directly prevent introduction of stack buffer overflows.

ID.RA-01 partial match
blocks

Vulnerability scanning can discover stack buffer overflows but does not prevent their introduction.

PR.PS-02 partial match
blocks

Patching eliminates known instances of the weakness after discovery.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing in development catches out-of-bounds accesses before release, covering most instances of the weakness.

A.8.28 Secure coding partial match
prevents

Secure coding standards explicitly forbid unsafe buffer operations, directly eliminating CWE-119.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (higher-evidence rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (1 rule)
  • V-248594 OL 8 must implement address space layout randomization (ASLR) to protect its memory from unauthorized code execution. blocks CWE-121
Oracle Linux 9 (1 rule)
  • V-271452 OL 9 must use a Linux Security Module configured to enforce limits on system services. blocks CWE-121

References