CVE-2025-7091
Published: 06 July 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-7091 is a high-severity Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (CWE-119) vulnerability in Belkin F9K1122 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 7.4 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 21.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
Deeper analysis
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the Belkin F9K1122 wireless router running firmware 1.00.33. The flaw resides in the formWlanMP function within the webs component at the endpoint /goform/formWlanMP. Unbounded handling of numerous input parameters (including ateFunc, ateGain, ateTxCount, ateChan, ateRate, ateMacID, multiple e2pTxPower and e2pTx2Power values, ateTxFreqOffset, ateMode, ateBW, ateAntenna, and related E2PROM fields) allows an attacker to corrupt the stack. The issue is tracked as CWE-119 and CWE-121 and carries a CVSS 4.0 score of 7.4.
An authenticated remote attacker can supply oversized or malformed values to the affected parameters over the network and achieve arbitrary code execution or a full device compromise. The attack requires no user interaction and can be launched with low privileges. Public proof-of-concept code has been released that demonstrates the overflow.
The vendor was notified prior to disclosure but provided no response or patch. The exploit is publicly available via GitHub repositories, and the EPSS score remains low and unchanged at 0.0116, indicating limited observed exploitation activity to date.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-20150
Vulnerability details
A vulnerability was found in Belkin F9K1122 1.00.33. It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function formWlanMP of the file /goform/formWlanMP of the component webs. The manipulation of the argument ateFunc/ateGain/ateTxCount/ateChan/ateRate/ateMacID/e2pTxPower1/e2pTxPower2/e2pTxPower3/e2pTxPower4/e2pTxPower5/e2pTxPower6/e2pTxPower7/e2pTx2Power1/e2pTx2Power2/e2pTx2Power3/e2pTx2Power4/e2pTx2Power5/e2pTx2Power6/e2pTx2Power7/ateTxFreqOffset/ateMode/ateBW/ateAntenna/e2pTxFreqOffset/e2pTxPwDeltaB/e2pTxPwDeltaG/e2pTxPwDeltaMix/e2pTxPwDeltaN/readE2P leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is…
more
possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Remotely exploitable stack-based buffer overflow in the router's public-facing web management interface (/goform/formWlanMP) enables initial access via exploitation of a public-facing application.
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
Ongoing control assessments and code testing (static/dynamic analysis, fuzzing) surface memory buffer restriction failures, which are then remediated before release.
Managed runtimes used by platform-independent applications (e.g., JVM, CLR) enforce memory safety, preventing most buffer overflows that require direct memory manipulation.
Memory protections (e.g., W^X, ASLR) make exploitation of buffer-boundary violations far harder to turn into code execution.
Detects exploitation attempts that produce memory corruption, crashes, or anomalous behavior.